Citation: | Kuang Yang, Wu Haoting, Zhang Jingdong, et al. Advances of key technologies on distributed fiber system for multi-parameter sensing[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2018, 45(9): 170678. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170678 |
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Overview: Distributed fiber sensing system can realize long-distance and continuous measurement with a tremendous potential of applications to the fields such as perimeter security, pipeline monitoring and structural health diagnosis for large infrastructure, whose faults or intrusions constantly cause changes of multiple physical parameters, namely vibration, strain and temperature. In addition, the alert and location abilities are also determined by the frequency response range of vibration and the dynamic response ability of strain, which are critical to obtain full information of external events. According to recent research progress in distributed fiber sensing system, wide-frequency vibration measurement based on Rayleigh scattering, dynamic strain measurement based on Brillouin scattering and multi-parameter measurement based on multiple scattering mechanisms are proposed, respectively.
Distributed vibration sensing system based on the combination of Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and φ-OTDR can realize wide frequency response range and high-precision location. In order to solve the trade-off between the highest frequency response range and signal to noise ratio of location signal, the time-division multiplexing technology based on the merits of MZI and φ-OTDR is proposed. In addition, frequency-division multiplexing technology based on φ-OTDR system can break through the limitation of sensing distance on frequency response range. However, it poses considerable difficulties in realizing the dynamic measurement of vibration-induced strain with large strain range in conventional φ-OTDR system. Through fixing the frequency of probe light at the half height of Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), slope-assisted technology based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) system can avoid excessive time of sweeping frequency and improve the dynamic response ability. Compared with slope-assisted technology, the fast BOTDA technology is proposed to improves the dynamic response ability without shortening the dynamic range. Above all, the OTDR system based on Rayleigh scattering and spontaneous Raman scattering has been used to measure vibration and temperature along sensing fiber. Interestingly, the distributed fiber sensing system by integrating φ-OTDR and Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry is proposed for simultaneous multi-parameter detection, including vibration, strain and temperature.
The frequency spectrum of three typical spontaneous backscattering[31]
The experimental setup of distributed optical fiber sensing system based on both φ-OTDR and MZI with modulated pulse[21]
The location information. (a), (b), (c) and (d) were tested under 50 mV, 100 mV, 150 mV and 200 mV, respectively[21]
The frequency response of pencil-break. (a), (b), (c) and (d) were tested under 50 mV, 100 mV, 150 mV and 200 mV, respectively[21]
The experimental setup of distributed optical fiber sensing system based on both φ-OTDR and MZI with TDM technology[23]
The experimental results of detection of pencil-break. (a) Frequency response of with and without pencil-break; (b) Location of vibration[23]
(a) Injected pulse train; (b) The discrete model of N backscattering traces within one measurement interval after N pulses carried by different wavelengths are injected into sensing fiber[24]
The φ-OTDR system based on FDM technology[24]
The experimental result of PZT with 25 kHz vibration frequency. (a) Time-domain vibration signal; (b) Spectrum of frequency response[24]
The principle waveform of the slope assisted technique[27]
The experimental diagram of SA-BOTDA[27]
The test diagram of 12.3 Hz vibration signal[27]
The experimental diagram of fast BOTDA[28]
The test diagram of vibration signal. (a) Brillouin gain spectrum; (b) Fitting result of Lorentzian nonlinear fitting[28]
The experimental diagram of SF-BOTDA[29]
The test diagram of vibration signal[29]
(a) The experimental setup of distributed optical fiber sensing system based on both Rayleigh and Raman backscattering; (b) The schematic of wavelength division multiplexing device[31]
(a) The superimposed moving differential signals of Rayleigh traces; (b) Vibration spatial resolution; (c) Time domain diagram of vibration signal of 10 kHz; (d) Frequency domain diagram of vibration signal of 10 kHz; (e) Temperature distribution curve along the sensing fiber; (f) The spatial resolution of temperature[31]
(a) The system diagram of φ-BOTDR; (b) Brillouin frequency shift of 10 km sensing fiber; (c) Brillouin frequency shift of end section of the sensing fiber when applied temperate shift, strain and vibration simultaneously[32]
(a) φ-OTDR traces at the end section of the sensing fiber when the PZT is driven by 100 Hz; (b) FFT transform spectra of the vibration point when 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz and 4.8 kHz sinusoidal signals are applied to the PZT, respectively[32]