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Zheng Y, Wu Z F, Shum P P, Xu Z L, Keiser G et al. Sensing and lasing applications of whispering gallery mode microresonators. Opto-Electron Adv1, 180015 (2018). doi: 10.29026/oea.2018.180015
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Review Open Access
Sensing and lasing applications of whispering gallery mode microresonators
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Abstract
Optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators have attracted great attention due to their remarkable properties such as extremely high quality factor, small mode volume, tight confinement of modes, and strong evanescent field. All these properties of WGM microresonators have ensured their great potentials for applications, such as physical sensors, bio/chemical sensors and microlasers. In this mini-review, the key parameters and coupling conditions of WGM microresonators are firstly introduced. The geometries of WGM optical microcavities are presented based on their fabrication methods. This is followed by the discussion on the state-of-the-art applications of WGM microresonators in sensors and microlasers.-
Keywords:
- WGM microresonators /
- sensors /
- microlasers /
- microcavities
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References
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Zheng Y, Wu Z F, Shum P P, Xu Z L, Keiser G et al. Sensing and lasing applications of whispering gallery mode microresonators. Opto-Electron Adv1, 180015 (2018). doi: 10.29026/oea.2018.180015
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Figure 1.
Schematic of light trapping inside a WGM microcavity by frustrated total internal reflection.
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Figure 2.
Different methods of exciting WGMs.
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Figure 3.
(a) Layout of the WGM sensing set-up. (b), (c) Transient interactions of single zinc or mercury ions with the NRs with the corresponding spectrum shifts. Figure reproduced from ref.5, Springer Nature.
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Figure 4.
The illustration of the coupled liquid-core laser.
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Figure 5.
(a) Scanning electron micrograph of a polystyrene bead coated with ELNPs. (b) Left: wide-field image of a lasing microsphere. Right: simulated field distributions in the x–y plane. (c) Simulated NIR spectra of WGMs supported by a 5-µm polystyrene microsphere. Figure reproduced from ref.66, Springer Nature.
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Figure 6.
(a) Schematic of an all-optical tunable microlaser. (b) Fabrication process of the erbium-doped hybrid microbottle cavity coated with iron oxide nanoparticles. Figure reproduced from ref.68, American Chemical Society.
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Figure 7.
Illustrations of aqueous QDs (a) in solution inside an OFRR and (b) immobilized as a single layer on the inner surface of an OFRR. (c) Illustration of the experimental setup using confocal geometry. Figure reproduced from ref.8, American Chemical Society.
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Figure 8.
Diagram and operation of the dual-microcavity narrowlinewidth laser.
