Citation: | Deng Honglang, Zhou Shaolin, Cen Guanting. Progress on infrared and terahertz electro-magnetic absorptive metasurface[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2019, 46(8): 180666. doi: 10.12086/oee.2019.180666 |
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Overview: Infrared photodetectors have been widely used in the fields of military and national economy including aeronautics and astronautics, optical communication, industrial control and so on. The high infrared absorption rate is extremely important for the signal response of the photodetectors. However, the sensitive element of the infrared photodetector does not have good infrared absorption characteristics, so it needs a material that can improve the infrared absorption rate. Among them, metamaterials are widely concerned by researchers because of their novel and non-traditional properties. Metamaterials are typically engineered by arranging a set of small scatterers in a regular array throughout a region of space, thus obtaining some desirable bulk electromagnetic behaviors. The desired property is often the one that is not normally found in nature (negative refractive index, near-zero index, and so on). With the deepening of research, researchers began to expand in the application of metamaterials, and proposed different models, such as metasurfaces, metadevices.
For many applications, metasurfaces can be used take place of metamaterials. Compared to three-dimensional metamaterial structures, metasurfaces have the advantage of taking up less physical space. Consequently, metasurfaces offer the possibility of realizing less-lossy structures.
In this review, we describe the research progress of several common absorption metasurfaces in recent years. The first one is the perfect metasurfaces absorber, which has the ability to absorb all incident waves at a single frequency. By optimizing the structural model, the perfect metasurface absorbers achieve impedance matching with free space, and use the dielectric loss and ohmic loss of the structural unit to achieve strong absorption of electromagnetic waves. However, as the result of relying on resonance absorption, the absorption spectrum of perfect metasurface absorbers is very narrow. Then, the metasurfaces of broadband absorption in the infrared, terahertz and visible light bands are reviewed in detail. And the most common way to achieve broadband absorption of metasurfaces is to use a vertically cascaded structure. In addition, metasurfaces can also achieve broadband absorption by combining graphene or catenary optics. Finally, tunability of the PCM metasurface absorber has also been investigated.
(a) Geometry of the ultra-thin narrow-band metasurface absorbers with dimensions; (b) Absorption, transmission, and reflection of the narrow-band metasurface absorbers[18]
(a) Schematic of the single resonator; (b) Simulated absorption spectra of the single resonator at the normal incidence; (c) Schematic of the single-layered GMBA (gradient-metasurface-based absorber); (d) Simulated absorption spectra of the single-layered GMBA; (e) Schematic of the dual-layered GMBA; (f) Simulated absorption spectra of the dual-layered GMBA for TE (black) and TM (red) polarizations
Schematics of (a) model (SR) Ⅰ; (b) Model (SSR) Ⅱ; (c) Model (RSR) Ⅲ and (d) model (DSR) meta Ⅳ surfaces[25]
The schematic of the absorber (a) and top view of a unit cell; (b) Absorption spectrum of the TiN nanocone MPA (metasurface perfect absorber)[27]
(a) 3D schematic of the proposed MIM structure; (b) Cross section of the structure in xz plane[30]
Schematic of diffraction when illuminated at two different frequencies. (a) Only zeroorder diffraction occurs in the substrate at low frequency; (b) First order diffraction in the substrate occurs at higher frequency; (c) and (d) are the front and side views of the structure; (e) Absorption spectra of samples with different periods. The cases for a bare doped silicon slab and an absorber based on quarter-wavelength antireflection layer are also shown[38]
(a) Sketch map of a catenary aperture illuminated at normal incidence by CPL(circularly polarized light); (b) Phase distributions of the catenary slab and an absorber based on quarter-wavelength antireflection layer are also shown[39]
Schematic structure of the broadband THz absorber and the simulated results. (a) Top view of the arrays; (b) Three-dimensional schematic diagram; Top views of (c) metasurface 1 and (d) metasurface 2 with geometric parameters; (e) Simulated absorption spectra at normal incidence in the frequency range from 0 to 5 THz. The analytical catenary field model of dual-metasurface[42]
Extracted electric field amplitude (red dotted line) and fitting catenary curve (blue solid line) between two arms of the resonator and adjacent resonators for the dual metasurface at 0.6 THz (a), (e) and 2.5 THz (b), (f); (c), (d) Electric field distribution in the x-z plane at two resonant frequencies[42]
(a) Schematic of the MM absorber showing the incident light polarization configuration; (b) Illustration of absorber's square lattice pattern[44]
3D-FDTD simulation of spectrum of (a) reflectance and (b) absorbance for different phases of Ge2Sb1Te4 at normal incidence[44]
(a) Schematic of the metamaterial absorber and the incident light polarization configuration; (b) Side view of the absorber; (c) Top view of the absorber; (d) Schematic of the single Ge2Sb2Te5 dielectric layer of 1000 nm × 1000 nm × 40 nm deposited on a BK7 silica glass and the incident light polarization configuration[46]
3D-FDTD simulation of spectrum of (a) reflectance, (b) absorbance of both a metamaterial absorber and a single Ge2Sb2Te5 layer for the amorphous state at normal incidence[46]
The schematic diagram of the graphene-based metamaterial absorber. (a) The perspective view; (b) The cross sectional view of the GMA(graphene-based metamaterial absorber); (c) The effect of different chemical potential of GMA on the absorption spectra[52]