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Zhao Yali, Jia Kun, Zhang Han, et al. Transmission properties of metal photonic crystal films in visible light and microwave[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2017, 44(2): 226-233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2017.02.013
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Transmission properties of metal photonic crystal films in visible light and microwave
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Abstract
The one-dimensional metallic photonic crystal film is an anisotropic metamaterial with an equivalent and uniform metal-medium multilayered structure. Compared with the single-layer metal film, the one-dimensional metal photonic crystal film has a higher degree of freedom in terms of chromatic dispersion regulation and control. With the existing of surface plasmon polariton (SPP), directional transmission of evanescent waves can be achieved. The experimental results and the calculated results of the equivalent medium theory and the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method show that the active control on the wavelength, bandwidth and strength of the evanescent waves during transmitting can be realized by regulating the metal photonic crystal structure. The smaller is the ratio of metal film thickness, the longer are the center of the transmission wavelength and the cutoff wavelength, and the wider is the frequency band. When the thickness of the metal film layer is smaller than the penetration depth of the SPP, wide frequency-band evanescent waves can be transmitted. This paper also studied the transmission performance in the microwave band of the metal photonic crystal, finding that at the microwave band, the equivalent dielectric constant of the metal photonic crystal is negative and the metallic photonic crystal has a good reflection property. Furthermore, the shielding effectiveness of the metal photonic crystal film is far better than the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the ITO film with the same thickness. Even at the thickness of a few hundred of nanometers, the metallic photonic crystal film can achieve good electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Thus, by adopting the metallic photonic crystal film, light and visual electromagnetic shielding materials with thin films can be created. -
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References
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Overview
Abstract: The one-dimensional metallic photonic crystal film is an anisotropic metamaterial with an equivalent and uniform metal-medium multilayered structure. Compared with single-layer metal film, the one-dimensional metal photonic crystal film has a higher degree of freedom in terms of chromatic dispersion regulation and control. With the existing of surface plasmon polariton (SPP), directional transmission of evanescent waves can be achieved. This paper designed a one-dimensional metallic photonic crystal film, which was made of ITO and Ag layers. The thickness of each Ag films is less than 2 times the penetration depth of SPP. According to the effective medium theory of metallic photonic crystal, it is found that the equivalent dielectric constant of metallic photonic crystal structure in visible region can be greater than 0 by structural adjustment and its equivalent dielectric constant can be negative in microwave region. This makes metallic photonic crystal in visible region have higher transmitting performance due to the SPP coupling effect, as shown in Fig.(a). In infrared and microwave bands, due to the band gap, metallic photonic crystal shows good reflectivity (shielding effectiveness) in Fig.(b). Based on the effective medium theory, both FDTD and experimental results showed that, in metallic photonic crystal, lower metal component ratio corresponds to greater cutoff wavelength and center wavelength in visible light, wider transmission frequency band, and lower electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in microwave band. Results in this paper agreed with the SPP mode coupling theory, by which active design of transmission performance in visible light and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in microwave band for metallic photonic crystal is possible. Additionally, the research shows that thinner metallic film layer corresponds to stronger SPP coupling effect and transmittance of visible light. When the metallic film thickness is less than the penetration depth of SPP, visible light transmission in wide frequency band can be achieved due to the smaller distance between the spacing of modes. Furthermore, when the pairs of metallic photonic crystal are 3.5, a good forbidden band can be well formed. With further increase of its pairs, no increase can be seen in the shielding performance of the metallic photonic crystal film. In conclusion, metallic photonic crystal film can be used to realize efficient transmission of visible light, and it also supports the active design of center wavelength, cutoff wavelength and bandwidth for the transmission of visible light. Thus, by adopting the metallic photonic crystal film, light and visual electromagnetic shielding materials with thin films can be created. This unique feature makes the metallic photonic crystal have wide application prospects in the field of visible electromagnetic shielding.
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Zhao Yali, Jia Kun, Zhang Han, et al. Transmission properties of metal photonic crystal films in visible light and microwave[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2017, 44(2): 226-233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2017.02.013
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Figure 1.
Structure of the metal-dielectric photonic films.
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Figure 2.
Calculated effective permittivity for different thickness ratios of Ag and ITO films.
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Figure 3.
Method for testing shielding effectiveness by shielding chamber.
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Figure 4.
TEM images of (ITO(60 nm)Ag(15 nm))3ITO (60 nm).
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Figure 5.
X-ray diffraction spectrum of (ITO(60 nm)Ag(15 nm))3 ITO(60 nm).
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Figure 6.
Optical transmission spectra for samples with different structures. (a) Optical transmission spectra for samples with different thickness of Ag films and a fixed 60 nm ITO film. (b) Optical transmission spectra for samples with different thickness of Ag films and a fixed 40 nm ITO film. (c) Optical transmission spectra for samples with different thickness of ITO films and a fixed 20 nm Ag film.
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Figure 7.
Optical transmission spectra for samples consisted of 3.5 pairs with 4 nm, 6 nm, 8 nm Ag films, respectively and a fixed 60 nm ITO film.
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Figure 8.
Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness for samples with structure of (ITO(60 nm)Ag(22 nm))3ITO(60 nm) and ITO films with a thickness of 300 nm.
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Figure 9.
Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness for samples with 3.5 pairs of Ag/ITO consisted of different thickness ratio of Ag films, respectively and a fixed 40 nm ITO film.
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Figure 10.
Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of samples with 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 pairs of (ITO(60 nm)Ag(15 nm))NITO(60 nm), respectively.
