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Realization of laser textured brass surface via temperature tuning for surface wettability transition
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Abstract:
Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted extensive interests and researches into their fundamentals and potential applications. Laser texturing provides the convenience to fabricate the hierarchical micro/nanostructures for superhydrophobicity. However, after laser texturing, long wettability transition time from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity is a barrier to mass production and practical industrial applications. External stimuli have been applied to change the surface composition and/or the surface morphology to reduce wettability transition time. Herein, by temperature tuning, wettability transition of laser textured brass surfaces is investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and surface contact angle measurement are employed to characterize the surface morphology and wettability behavior of the textured brass surfaces. By low-temperature heating (100 ℃~150 ℃), partial deoxidation of the top CuO layer occurs to form hydrophobic Cu2O. Therefore, superhydrophobicity without any chemical coating and surface modification could be achieved in a short time. Furthermore, after low-temperature heating, the low adhesive force between the water droplet and the sample surface is demonstrated for the laser textured brass surface. This study provides a simple method to fabricate the micro/nanostructure surfaces with controllable wettability for the potential applications.
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Key words:
- ettability transition /
- temperature tuning /
- laser texturing /
- superhydrophobic surface /
- contact angle
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Abstract: Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted extensive interest and research into their fundamentals and potential applications, including self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-corrosion, reduction of drag, oil/water separation, biomedical devices and microfluidic manipulation. Laser texturing provides a facile and promising method to makesuperhydrophobic metallic surfaces. However, immediately after laser texturing, the metallic surface becomes hydrophilic or superhydrophilic. It takes several weeks to months to achieve wettability transition from superhydrophilicityto superhydrophobicity under ambient conditions. This poses a barrier to mass production and industrial applications.Therefore, external stimuli have been applied to change the surface composition and/or the surface morphology toinfluence wettability transition. Among these methods, temperature tuning has attracted special attention due to itsadvantage of being a simple and controllable process.
A nanosecond pulsed fiber laser is employed to fabricate the micro/nanostructures on the as-prepared brass samplesurfaces. The surface morphology of the laser textured samples is then characterized by a field-emission scanningelectron microscope. A uniform distribution of periodic micro-scale grid patterns on the brass substrate can be clearlyobserved in Fig. 1, which is beneficial to uniform superhydrophobic properties in all directions with trapped air.
After the laser ablation, a post-processing by temperature tuning is carried out to investigate the influence of temperature on wettability behavior of the laser textured brass surfaces. After temperature tuning, the evolution fromsuperhydrophilic to hydrophobic or superhydrophobic state of laser textured surfaces is evaluated by measuring staticcontact angle (CA) with a CA analyzer using the sessile drop technique. Time taken to reach the CA of 135 ° is 14, 18,9, 9, 24, 17 and 17 days for temperature tuning at -16 ℃ , 25 ℃ , 100 ℃ , 150 ℃ , 200 ℃ , 250 ℃ and 300 ℃ , respectively.By low-temperature heating (100 ℃ ~150 ℃ ), partial deoxidation of the top CuO layer occurs faster, resulting in theformation of hydrophobic Cu2O. It demonstrates that applying low-temperature heating could greatly speed up therate of wettability transition of brass surfaces subjected to the laser texturing. After 100 ℃ temperature heating, thesample surface achieves superhydrophobicity with the CA of 150.2 ° after 18 days. Furthermore, for the laser texturedbrass surface after 100 ℃ temperature heating, a contacting experiment is carried out. The experimental results indicate the superhydrophobic performance of the laser textured surface and the low adhesive force between the dropletand the surface.
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Figure 3. Contact angle evolution of the laser textured brass surfaces after different temperature tuning. (a) -16 ℃. (b) 25 ℃. (c) 100 ℃. (d) 150 ℃. (e) 200 ℃. (f) 250 ℃. (g) 300 ℃. (h) Days taken to reach CA of 135 °.
Figure 4. Sequential images before and after the water droplet contact with the laser textured brass surface.
Table 1. Processing parameters of laser texturing.
Parameters Values Pass 1 Laser fluence/(J/cm2) 4.5 Speed/(mm/s) 5 Scan spacing/pm 75 
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