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摘要:
设计了一种以轮辐结构作为弹性元件的可调量程的光纤布拉格光栅扭矩传感器。在弹性板与轴向平行的上下表面对称粘贴两个中心波长不同的光纤布拉格光栅，分别作为传感元件和参考元件。通过对扭矩值与两者反射中心波长差值的标定，可以排除环境温度的影响，实现温度自补偿的功能。采用卡口连接的方式将弹性板与内轮毂、外轮毂进行连接，并用螺栓固定，通过更换弹性板可以调整传感器的量程。经仿真分析和扭矩传感实验证明，量程为80 Nm时，扭矩传感器的平均应变灵敏度为27.1 pm/Nm，相关系数为0.997，重复性误差为3.23% FS，迟滞误差为1.03% FS。
Abstract:Using the spoke structure as the elastic element, an adjustable range fiber grating torque sensor is designed. Two fiber Bragg gratings with different central wavelengths are symmetrically bonded on the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic plate parallel to the axial direction, respectively, as sensing elements and reference elements. By calibrating the relationship between the torque values and the central wavelength difference between the two reflecting elements, the influence of ambient temperature can be eliminated, and the self compensation function of temperature can be realized. The elastic plate is connected with the inner wheel hub and the outer wheel hub by a bayonet, and is fixed by bolts, and the structure is easy to be disassembled so the range of the sensor can be adjusted by replacing the elastic plate. The dimension of spoke structure is optimized by using the finite element simulation software. The finite element simulation and experimental results show that the strain of the elastic element has a linear relationship with the central wavelength difference of two fiber gratings. When the range is 80 Nm, the average sensitivity of the sensor is 27.1 pm/Nm, the correlation coefficient is 0.997, the repeat ability error is 3.23% FS, and the hysteresis error is 1.03% FS.
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Key words:
- spoke structure /
- fiber Bragg grating /
- torque /
- adjustable range
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The torque parameters of the mechanical equipment can reflect the performance of the rotating power mechanical system and provide scientific data for the parts to be measured. Compared with the electric and magnetic torque sensors, FBG sensors have many advantages such as high temperature resistance, radiation resistance, safety and reliability. Using the spoke structure as the elastic element, an adjustable range FBG torque sensor is designed. The FBG torque sensor mainly consists of an inner wheel hub, an outer wheel hub, four elastic plates, a coupling and FBG. Two FBGs with different central wavelengths are symmetrically bonded on the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic plate parallel to the axial direction, respectively, as sensing elements and reference elements. In the packaging process, by applying slight adjustable pre-stressing on both sides of the FBG, it can effectively prevent the contraction of FBG in the curing process, as well as the chirp of FBG reflection spectrum and nonlinear distortion of center wavelength. When the torsion force is applied to the hub, two FBGs are subjected to tension and pressure respectively, leading to the center wavelength of the grating moving to opposite directions. By calibrating the relationship between the torque values and the central wavelength difference between the two reflecting elements, the influence of ambient temperature can be eliminated, and the self compensation function of temperature can be realized. The angle between adjacent elastic plates is 90o, the elastic plate is connected with the inner wheel hub and the outer wheel hub by a bayonet, and is fixed by bolts. At the same time, a new type of elastic plate with double grooves is designed on the basis of strip elastic plate, and the range of the sensor is adjusted by replacing the elastic plate without changing the overall structure of the torque sensor. The inner wheel hub is connected with the coupling, thereby improving the practicability and the versatility of the sensor. The torque sensing model of fiber grating is established and the dimension of spoke structure is optimized by using the finite element simulation software. The finite element simulation and experimental results show that the strain of the elastic element has a linear relationship with the central wavelength difference of two fiber gratings. When the range is 80 Nm, the average sensitivity of the sensor is 27.1 pm/Nm, the correlation coefficient is 0.997, the repeat ability error is 3.23% FS, and the hysteresis error is 1.03% FS.
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图 1 传感器受力情况. (a)未受作用力. (b)受扭矩M作用.
Figure 1. Force condition of sensor. (a) Without force. (b) Affected by torque M.
图 5 仿真效果图. (a)原始轮辐仿真图. (b)新型轮辐的仿真图.
Figure 5. Simulation results map. (a) Simulation results map of original spoke. (b) Simulation results map of new spoke.
表 1 不同轮辐尺寸有限元分析结果.
Table 1. The finite element analysis results of different spoke size.
Number Inside hub outer
diameter/mmOuter hub inner
diameter/mmRadial thickness
/mmAxial
width/mmStress intensity
/MPaMaximum
strain/με1 50 170 4 13 297 1934 2 50 170 4 15 266 1734 3 50 170 6 13 147 960 4 50 170 6 15 128 832 
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表 2 轮辐结构有限元分析结果.
Table 2. Finite element analysis results of spoke structure.
Parameter Double grooved spoke Original spoke Inside hub outer diameter/mm 45 45 Outer hub inner diameter/mm 235 235 Radial thickness/mm 4 4 Axial width/mm 15 15 Minimum axial width/mm 7.5 15 Stress intensity/MPa 1001 365 Maximum strain/ps 6511 2377
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表 3 相同行程中各扭矩梯度的标准偏差.
Table 3. Standard deviation of each torque gradient in the same stroke.
Torque/Nm Standard deviation of
positive stroke/nmStandard deviation of reverse
stroke/nm0 0.0005 0.0005 8 0.0235 0.0058 16 0.0126 0.0047 24 0.0120 0.0026 32 0.0120 0.0037 40 0.0120 0.0042 48 0.0162 0.0042 56 0.0141 0.0110 64 0.0094 0.0099 72 0.0251 0.0115 80 0.0251 0.0251
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表 4 正、反行程平均校准点及偏差值.
Table 4. The average calibration points and deviation values.
Torque/Nm Positive stroke average
calibration point/nmReverse stroke average
calibration point/nmPositive and reverse
deviation/nm0 7.821 7.819 0.002 8 8.031 8.053 0.022 16 8.261 8.267 0.006 24 8.520 8.526 0.006 32 8.779 8.777 0.002 40 8.990 8.988 0.002 48 9.187 9.193 0.006 56 9.397 9.406 0.009 64 9.607 9.591 0.016 72 9.788 9.791 0.003 80 9.966 9.966 0
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