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摘要:
在高精度光纤陀螺系统中，开关电源中的spike毛刺噪声会串扰光纤陀螺的信号处理电路，造成系统采样误差。本文分析了开关电源spike噪声的成因及其对光纤陀螺性能的影响机理，并在此基础上提出摆率控制是一种适用于光纤陀螺系统电源的低噪声电源技术。利用摆率控制技术，一种低噪声特性的开关电源模块被开发出来，并应用于光纤陀螺系统。该开关电源模块由DC-DC电路和LDO电路两部分组成，并在DC-DC电路中通过摆率控制电路实现其低噪声性能。完成后的低噪声电源模块能够在200 MHz的测试带宽下实现1 mV量级的峰峰值噪声水平。经过对比测试，采用低噪声电源的两支被测光纤陀螺分别表现出了3.1%和4.4%的噪声优化特性。
Abstract:In high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) system, the spike noise of DC-DC power source can lead to a considerable disturbance to the signal processing circuit of FOG, which results in a sampling error. In this work, the cause of spike noise and the influence mechanism were clarified. The slew rate control technology was researched and proved to be an effective solution to prevent spike noise of FOG power source. Using slew rate control technology, a kind of low-noise power module has been developed and applied successfully in the FOG system. This power module consists of DC-DC circuit and LDO circuit, and slew rate control circuit was used in the DC-DC circuit to realize low-noise performance. The peak-to-peak noise value of the developed power module was tested to be about 1 mV in a bandwidth of 200 MHz. Two typical FOG systems were tested with the use of this low-noise power source, and their output noise improvement were 3.1% and 4.4%.
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Key words:
- fiber-optic gyroscope /
- DC-DC converter /
- spike noise /
- slew rate control
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Overview: The fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG), is a precise angular velocity sensor. In its work, weak electrical signal has been produced and acquired, so noise of power supply may interfere in the circuit of FOG and reduce its performance. DC-DC converter is normal power supply of FOG, and its noise can be divided into two parts, ripple wave and spike noise. The ripple wave is easy to be reduced by power filter, but spike noise is hard to be suppressed because of its high frequency and radiation characteristic. The spike noise can interfere into the signal acquisition circuit and mix into acquisition result due to the spectrum aliasing. Spurious triggering of FOG digit circuit may also come out as a result of serious spike noise. The spike noise comes from high harmonic signals of switch devices. Switch devices generate square wave signal and its spectrum covers form low frequency to high frequency. The signals above the order of 10 MHz always remains after rectification and filtration and spike noise is combination of these high harmonic signals in time domain. So preventing the generation of high harmonic signals is the key to reduce spike noise. Soft-switching technology can be used to reduce spike noise but the result is still unsatisfactory. Slew rate control technology is a good way to reduce and eliminate spike noise. Slew rate determines the bandwidth of signal, and less high harmonic signals will be generated if slew rate has been controlled as expected. So slew rate control is the suitable technical route for low-noise power supply for FOG system. After taking use of slew sate controlled DC-DC Controller, the low noise power module has been designed and developed. The power module consists of DC-DC circuit and LDO circuit, and the slew rate of DC-DC circuit has been controlled so that the spike noise was eliminated successfully. The oscilloscope with analog bandwidth of 200 MHz was used to test the noise characteristic of the developed power module, and the peak-to-peak noise value was tested to be about 1mV in the full bandwidth, which is obviously low compared with the normal DC-DC converter. Experiment has been designed to test the performance of FOG system after using the low noise power module. Two typical FOG products were tested, and the noise performance improvement of FOG output was 3.1% and 4.4%. A conclusion can be drawn that low-noise power module is beneficial for the performance of FOG.
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图 3 开关电源spike尖峰噪声成因的仿真结果图。(a)带宽500 MHz的非理想方波信号；(b)为方波信号通过100 MHz二阶巴特沃兹高通滤波器后的信号
Figure 3. Simulation result of the cause of DC-DC spike noise. (a) The non-ideal square wave with bandwidth of 500 MHz; (b) The consequence signal after going through a 100 MHz second order Butterworth high-pass flter
图 4 方波信号上升/下降沿摆率与信号带宽的关系
Figure 4. The relationship between slew rate and bandwidth of square wave signal
图 7 低噪声开关电源模块成品及测试结果。(a)低噪声开关电源成品模块；(b)为该电源模块时域噪声测试结果
Figure 7. The low-noise power module product and its noise test result. (a) The fnished product of low-noise power module; (b) The noise test result of low-noise power module by 200 MHz oscilloscope
图 8 不同电源供电条件下光纤陀螺系统性能对比测试方案
Figure 8. Comparison test scheme of the FOG performance under different power noise conditions
表 1 两种供电条件下光纤陀螺FOG1的单点零偏稳定性测试结果
Table 1. The test result of single-point bias stability in FOG1 under two different power conditions
Normal DC-DC Low-noise DC-DC Comparison/% STD value 1 25.148 24.434 2.8 STD value 2 25.378 24.469 3.6 STD value 3 25.091 24.431 2.6 STD value 4 25.038 24.286 3.0 STD value 5 25.252 24.445 3.2 Average of STD 25.182 24.413 3.1 
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表 2 两种供电条件下光纤陀螺FOG2的单点零偏稳定性测试结果
Table 2. The test result of single-point bias stability in FOG2 under two different power conditions
Normal DC-DC Low-noise DC-DC Comparison/% STD value 1 23.393 22.306 4.6 STD value 2 23.508 22.397 4.7 STD value 3 23.387 22.293 4.7 STD value 4 23.176 22.236 4.1 STD value 5 23.318 22.411 3.9 Average of STD 23.356 22.329 4.4
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