High-resolution fiber Bragg grating sensor and its applications of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine engineering
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摘要:
随着特种光纤光栅刻写制作技术以及信号解调技术的发展,光纤光栅传感器的测量精度和测量频带不断得到提升,这大大促进了其在地球物理勘探、地震观测以及海洋观测等具有高精度探测需求的领域中的应用。当前,高精度宽频带光纤光栅传感器的发展依然面临一些核心器件与关键技术方面的挑战,包括高精细度光纤光栅谐振腔、低噪声窄线宽可调谐激光光源等核心器件,高精度宽频带光纤光栅波长解调技术、大规模组网技术、高灵敏度信号拾取探头设计等关键技术。本文首先介绍了高精度光纤光栅传感技术的发展概况,然后重点阐述高精度光纤光栅传感系统所需的核心器件与关键技术,并对其在地球物理勘探、地震观测和海洋观测中的应用情况进行分析探讨,最后对高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其应用作了展望。本文旨在分析总结高精度光纤光栅传感技术及其应用中涉及的一些核心技术和急需解决的关键问题,以期为该项技术的发展和应用提供借鉴。
Abstract:With the development of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and FBG based resonant cavity writing and signal demodulation technique, the measurement precision and frequency bandwidth of FBG sensor continue to be improved. It can highly promote its application in several fields of high precision detection requirements, such as geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation. At present, the development of high-precision and wide bandwidth FBG sensors still face some challenges of key devices and techniques, including high-fineness FBG based resonant and low-noise narrow-linewidth tunable laser, high-precision broadband FBG wavelength demodulation technique, large-scale networking technique and high-sensitivity signal pickup probe design. Firstly, this paper introduces the development of high-precision FBG sensing technique. Secondly, it focuses on the cord devices and key techniques required for high-precision FBG sensing system and their applications in geophysical exploration, seismic observations and ocean observations. Finally, the high-precision FBG sensing technique and its application are prospected. In order to provide references for the development and application of high-precision fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, this paper aims to analyze and summarize some of the core techniques involved in high-precision FBG sensing technique and its application and the key issues that need to be solved.
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Overview: Nowadays, with the development of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and FBG based resonant cavity engraving technique, signal demodulation technique, the measurement precision and frequency band range of FBG sensor are constantly improved. This can greatly promote its application in the field of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation. At present, high-precision broadband FBG sensor is still facing some challenges about core devices and key techniques. The core devices include high-fineness FBG based resonant, low-noise narrow-linewidth tunable laser. The key techniques include high-precision broadband FBG wavelength demodulation technique, large-scale networking technique and high-sensitivity signal pickup probe design. Firstly, this paper introduces the development of high-precision FBG sensing technique. Nearly three years, some novel sensing mechanism, demodulation method and sensing applications have been proposed. This improves the FBG low-frequency strain measurement resolution to 10-10, which makes it possible for the FBG sensors to be applied in geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation. However, the system measurement resolution and dynamic range still need to be further improved. The high-precision temperature compensation and large-scale multiplexing technique are also the key problems to be solved. Secondly, this paper focuses on the cord devices and key techniques required for high-precision FBG sensing system and their applications in geophysical exploration, seismic observations and ocean observation. The cord devices include high-fineness FBG resonator, low noise narrow linewidth tunable laser. The key techniques include high-resolution broadband FBG signal interrogation technique, large-scale networking technique and high sensitivity signal detector design. Finally, in order to provide references for the development and application of high-precision fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, this paper aims to analyze and summarize some of the core techniques involved in high-precision FBG sensing technique and its application and the key issues that need to be solved in the field of geophysical exploration, seismic observation and marine observation.
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图 8 中国科学院半导体研究所的井下光纤激光检波器及其与Sercel动圈检波器的对比实验。(a)~(c)分别为动圈检波器和光纤检波器接收的放炮直达波和深层反射波信号[49]
Figure 8. The fiber laser geophones of Insitute of Semiconductors, CAS and the comparison experiment with Sercel moving-coil geophones. (a)~(c) are the direct wave and deep reflection signals recorded by optic fiber sensors and moving-coil sensors re-spectively[49]
图 13 光纤激光海底地震仪及其水下气枪记录对比实验。(a)光纤海底地震仪实物图;(b)水下对比实验示意图;(c)光纤海底地震仪与电学海底地震仪单分量时域波形对比图
Figure 13. The underwater comparison experiment of fiber laser submarine seismograph recording the air gun signals. (a) The picture of fiber submarine seismograph; (b) Schematic experiment diagram; (c) Sin-gle-component time domain waveform comparison diagram between fiber submarine seismograph and electrical submarine seismograph
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