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摘要:
随着大数据和人工智能等信息技术日新月异，各行各业对数据信息存储的要求与日俱增。当前，以磁控存储技术为主的信息存储方式普遍存在寿命低、能耗高的缺点。与磁存储技术相比，光学数据存储技术具有能耗低、数据安全性高等优势，然而其数据存储容量受到光学衍射极限的极大制约。如何突破光学衍射极限，提升光存储技术光学系统的分辨能力，从而增加光学存储系统数据存储容量，是目前光存储技术进一步与大数据和云计算等信息技术融合的关键。本文阐述了基于超衍射极限分辨率的光学存储技术的原理和国内外发展现状，包括远场超分辨的三维光存储(如基于双光子吸收过程和饱和受激发射损耗荧光过程光数据存储)和近场超分辨二维光存储(如近场探针扫描显微存储、近场固体浸没透镜存储和超分辨近场结构存储)。最后，对基于超分辨光学存储技术当前存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了讨论。
Abstract:With the rapid development of Big Data and artificial intelligence, emerging information technology compels dramatically increasing demands on data information storage. At present, conventional magnetization-based information storage methods generally suffer from technique challenges raised by short lifetime and high energy consumption. Optical data storage technology, in comparison, is well known for its advantages of low energy consumption and high security. However, the disc capacity of optical data storage technology inevitably gets stuck in the physical fundamental barrier-optical diffraction limit. How to break optical diffraction barrier and improve the resolution of optical storage system, thereby increasing the data storage capacity of the optical storage system is the key to incorporating optical storage technology with information technology trend such as big data and cloud computing. In this review, we present the principle of optical storage techniques beyond diffraction-limited and recent progress in high capacity optical data storage, including far field super-resolution three dimensional optical (3D) storage techniques (such as two-photon absorption-based process and saturation stimulated emission depletion fluorescence-inspired approaches) and near field super-resolution two dimensional (2D) optical storage techniques (such as near field scanning probe methods, solid immersion lens approaches, and super-resolution near-field structure methods). Eventually, the here-and-now problems confronted by the super-resolution optical data storage and future development of optical storage technology towards ultra-high capacity optical disc based on optical super-resolution techniques are discussed.
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Overview: With the rapid development of Big Data and artificial intelligence, emerging information technologies such as Smartphone, Internet of Things, Biogenetic Data, Atmosphere, and Geographic Information compel dramatically increasing demands on extremely high information storage capacity and speed. At present, data storage and archiving methods mainly rely on conventional magnetization-based information storage method which generally suffers from technique challenges raised by short lifetime and high energy consumption. Optical data storage technology, in comparison, is well known for its advantages of high storage capacity, low energy consumption, and high security. However, the disc capacity of optical data storage technology inevitably gets stuck in the physical fundamental barrier-optical diffraction limit. The diffraction limit of light is substantially introduced by the lack of spatial frequencies higher than that can be supported by certain light wave and optical system. As a consequence, light spot cannot be infinitely squeezed down to a mathematically ideal point, giving rise to limited density and capacity of optical data storage. How to crash through optical diffraction barrier and improve resolution of optical storage system, thereby increasing the data storage capacity of the optical storage system is the key to incorporating optical storage technology with information technology trend such as big data and cloud computing. In this review, we have introduced the principle of contemporary optical storage techniques capable of storing and retrieving data in a manner of being beyond the diffraction-limit and recent progress in ultra-high capacity optical data storage techniques, including far field super-resolution three dimensional (3D) optical storage techniques and near field super-resolution two dimensional (2D) optical storage techniques. The far field super-resolution is the technique can reduce the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the intensity distribution of the focused spot in the far field. The main techniques of far field super-resolution optical storage are based on nonlinear interaction between light and recording medium, such as two-photon absorption-based process and saturation stimulated emission depletion fluorescence-inspired approaches. The near field super-resolution is the technique that mainly utilize the evanescent wave within the sub-wavelength distance between the light source and the recording medium. The main techniques of near field super-resolution optical storage involve near field scanning probe methods, solid immersion lens approaches, and super-resolution near-field structure methods. Eventually, the here-and-now problems confronted by the super-resolution optical data storage and future development of optical storage technology towards ultra-high capacity optical disc based on optical super-resolution techniques are discussed.
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图 1 超分辨光信息存储技术进展
Figure 1. Progress of super resolution optical data storage techniques
图 2 (a) 单光子和双光子吸收过程对应的能级跃迁图；(b)使用双光子吸收的三维光数据存储示意图
Figure 2. (a) Energy diagram for single-photon and two-photon absorption; (b) Schematic drawing of 3-dimensional optical memory using two-photon absorption
图 3 (a) 单光子吸收和双光子吸收读取机制读出多层存储信息的对比；(b)用共聚焦显微镜测量记录点X-Z扫描剖面的荧光强度[29]
Figure 3. (a) Two-photon and single-photon read back of multiple layers information recording written at an even spacing of 6 μm apart; (b) Fluorescence intensity measured using X-Z scan profile of a written spot using confocal microscope, plotted against depth (up) in two-photon read back and (down) in single-photon read back[29]
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