Citation: | Jiang Yan, Liu Ruqing, Zhu Jingguo, et al. A high-performance CMOS FDMA for pulsed TOF imaging LADAR system[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2019, 46(7): 190194. doi: 10.12086/oee.2019.190194 |
[1] | Williams G M. Optimization of eyesafe avalanche photodiode lidar for automobile safety and autonomous navigation systems[J]. Optical Engineering, 2017, 56(3): 031224. doi: 10.1117/1.OE.56.3.031224 |
[2] | Zheng H, Ma R, Zhu Z M. A linear and wide dynamic range transimpedance amplifier with adaptive gain control technique[J]. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2017, 90(1): 217-226. doi: 10.1007/s10470-016-0867-1 |
[3] | Behroozpour B, Sandborn P A M, Wu M C, et al. Lidar system architectures and circuits[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2017, 55(10): 135-142. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1700030 |
[4] | Cho H S, Kim C H, Lee S G. A high-sensitivity and low-walk error LADAR receiver for military application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2014, 61(10): 3007-3015. doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2014.2327282 |
[5] | Zheng H, Ma R, Liu M L, et al. High sensitivity and wide dynamic range analog front-end circuits for pulsed TOF 4-D imaging LADAR receiver[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18(8): 3114-3124. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2809795 |
[6] | Ngo T H, Kim C H, Kwon Y J, et al. Wideband receiver for a three-dimensional ranging LADAR system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2013, 60(2): 448-456. doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2012.2215800 |
[7] | McDonough R N, Whalen A D. Detection of Signals in Noise[M]. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic, 1995. |
[8] | Ruotsalainen T, Palojarvi P, Kostamovaara J. A wide dynamic range receiver channel for a pulsed time-of-flight laser radar[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2001, 36(8): 1228-1238. doi: 10.1109/4.938373 |
[9] | Zheng H, Ma R, Liu M L, et al. A linear dynamic range receiver with timing discrimination for pulsed TOF imaging LADAR application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2018, 67(11): 2684-2691. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2018.2826860 |
[10] | Liu J B, Gu M, Chen H D, et al. A CMOS front-end circuit for sonet oc-96 receiver[C]//2006 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Guilin, China, 2006, 3: 1961-1965. |
[11] | Huang H Y, Chien J C, Lu L H. A 10-Gb/s inductorless CMOS limiting amplifier with third-order interleaving active feedback[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2007, 42(5): 1111-1120. doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2007.894819 |
[12] | Hu Y, Wang Z G, Feng J, et al. 5Gb/s 0.25μm CMOS limiting amplifier[J]. Chinese Journal of Semiconductors, 2003, 24(12): 1250-1254. |
[13] | Xue Z F, Li Z Q, Wang Z G, et al. A low noise, 1.25Gb/s front-end amplifier for optical receivers[J]. Chinese Journal of Semiconductors, 2006, 27(8): 1373-1377. |
[14] | Wang Y J, Khan M Z, Raut R. A fully differential CMOS limiting amplifier with active Inductor for optical receiver[C]//Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Saskatoon, Canada, 2005: 1751-1754. |
[15] | Zheng R. 15 Gb/s CMOS monolithic parallel front-end amplifier for optical receiver design[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2005. |
[16] | Liang B L, Kwasniewski T, Wang Z G, et al. A monolithic 10-Gb/s CMOS limiting amplifier for low cost optical communication systems[C]//Proceedings of APCC2008, Tokyo, Japan, 2008. |
[17] | Kurtti S, Kostamovaara J. Laser radar receiver channel with timing detector based on front end unipolar-to-bipolar pulse shaping[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44(3): 835-847. doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2012364 |
[18] | Ahmed M G, Talegaonkar M, Elkholy A, et al. A 12-Gb/s -16.8-dBm OMA sensitivity 23-mW optical receiver in 65-nm CMOS[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2018, 53(2): 445-457. doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2017.2757008 |
Overview: As an active optical remote imaging technology, the laser detection and ranging (LADAR) system shows an enormous potential in industrial and civil applications with the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and so on. Recently, LADAR are constantly developing towards integration, miniaturization and arraying in order to achieve higher detection and wider range of application. For the whole detection system, the performance height of the receiver circuit can directly determine the application height of the system. The amplifier receiver of the LADAR system which converts the small optical pulse signal into an electrical pulse mainly includes two parts: a photoelectric detector and the analog front-end circuits. Since the transmit power of the pulse laser are limited and considering the safety of human eyes, in active imaging systems the performance of the amplifier receiver becomes a critical issue. Therefore, a high-performance main amplifier is a key component to the LADAR system. This paper presents a high bandwidth and low noise fully differential main amplifier (FDMA) for the pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) imaging laser detection and ranging application, which is used to amplify the small pulse echo signal. To meet the entire system bandwidth requirements, the four levels cascaded architecture and active inductor technology are designed to enlarge the bandwidth of the circuit and reduce the chip area. The cascaded gain stages, which adopted DC offset isolation circuit, are more robust to the alteration of process and temperature compared to the traditional structure. A large bandwidth amplifier (LBA) and an output buffer (OB) structure has been designed to enhance the drive capabilities. Besides, in order to adapt the demand of the LADAR system, the amplifier receiver’s bandwidth has been limited to improve the SNR by use of the inter-stage bandpass filter which reuses the DC offset isolation circuit. For the temperature variation of -40 ℃ to 85 ℃, the simulated results have confirmed the performances of the high bandwidth and low noise fully differential main amplifier. The proposed design was implemented and fabricated in CSMC CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the chip realizes the -3 dB bandwidth of 730.6 MHz, and an open loop gain of 23.5 dB with the bandpass filter worked. The input-referred noise voltage is 2.7 nV/sqrt(Hz), which effectively reduces the system noise. This chip that occupies 0.25 mmc×0.25 mm in area consumes a power dissipation of 102.3 mW from the 3.3 V power supply. As a part of the integrated chip of the laser radar system, it can better meet the requirements of system and it shows good performance.