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LED nonlinearity compensation and bandwidth expansion techniques in visible light communication
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摘要:
可见光通信(VLC)是一项有前景的技术，作为现有无线通信网络的有益补充，可提供高速率、低延迟及多设备接入等通信服务。借助传统无线通信的高性能编码调制技术，已经设计并实现了各种适配于VLC系统的物理层通信技术。不同于传统射频通信，VLC采用LED作为信号的发射源，LED的调制容易产生非线性失真且调制带宽有限，已成为VLC高速通信的技术瓶颈。针对这两方面的挑战，本文以白光LED为出发点，阐述了白光LED能有效兼顾照明和通信的特性，总结和分类了非线性失真补偿和拓展调制带宽的多种技术，最后本文提出了LED封装材料及工艺、新型Micro-LED器件研究、光源布局设计、码间干扰消除技术等开放性研究问题，以期提高可见光通信系统的性能。
Abstract:Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology that complements existing wireless communication networks to provide high-speed, low-latency, and multi-device access. With the high-performance code modulation technology of traditional wireless communication, various physical layer communication technologies adapted to VLC systems have been designed and implemented. Different from traditional radio frequency (RF) communication, VLC uses LED as the signal source. The modulation of LED is easy to produce nonlinear distortion and the modulation bandwidth is limited. It has become the technical bottleneck of VLC high-speed communication. In view of the challenges of these two aspects, taking white LED as the starting point, this paper expounds that white LED can effectively balance the characteristics of illumination and communication, summarizes and classifies various techniques of nonlinear distortion compensation and extended modulation bandwidth. Finally, this paper proposes open research issues such as LED package materials and processes, new Micro-LED device research, light source layout design, and intercode interference cancellation technology are expected to improve the performance of visible light communication systems.
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Overview: Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology that can be used as a useful complement to existing wireless communication networks, it can provide high speed, low latency and multi-device access communication services. With the help of high performance coding modulation technology of traditional wireless communication, a variety of physical layer communication technologies adapted to VLC system have been designed and implemented. Different from traditional radio frequency communication, VLC use LED as the transmitting source of signals. The modulation of LEDs is prone to produce nonlinear distortion and limits the modulation bandwidth, which has become the technical bottleneck of VLC high-speed communication. According to these two challenges, with white LED as the starting point, this paper expounds the characteristics of white LED that can effectively both illumination and communications, and then summarizes and classifies a variety of technologies for the nonlinear distortion compensation and extension of the LED modulation bandwidth. In view of the nonlinear distortion compensation technology, this paper enumerates pre-distortion compensation scheme such as the pre-distortion circuit model, memory polynomial model, adaptive pre-distortion model, and post-distortion compensation schemes which include the decision feedback equalization model, adaptive distortion model, the frequency domain equalization. However, a lot of limitations in nonlinear model, computational complexity, additional physical feedback loop, model structure and other indicators need to be improved and optimized. For the LED bandwidth expansion technology, the paper classifies and discusses the pre-equalization technology and post-equalization technology that expanding the bandwidth of white LED can further improve the communication performance of the system and reduce the cost of the system. It is necessary to further study the software indicators such as adjust the circuit complexity, circuit debugging difficulty, circuit stability, sensitivity of component hardware index and computing resources, complexity of model structure. The advantages and disadvantages of the pre-distortion compensation technology and LED bandwidth expansion and the complexity of the design are summarized from the receiver and transmitter to further optimize the system. This team adopted pre-distortion technology and analog pre-equalization technology at the transmitter, and added digital post-equalization technology at the receiver to optimize the performance of VLC. At last, in order to improve the performance of visible light communication system, this paper puts forward some open research problems, such as LED packaging materials and technology, new micro-LED device research, light source layout design, inter-code interference elimination technology.
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表 3 预均衡技术进展及对比
Table 3. Compare with pre-equalization method
预均衡类型 均衡技术 LED形态 带宽/MHz 传输速率/(Mbit/s) 代表性文献 硬件 串联谐振电路 荧光粉LED 2.5~45 80 [35] 硬件 晶体管T型电路 RGB LED 6.2~91 477 [39] 硬件 无源超前矫正电路 荧光粉LED 12~77.6 200 [33] 硬件 NPN型晶体管电路 荧光粉LED 3~175 460 [40] 硬件 改进型Bias-T电路 荧光粉LED 1.0~30 190 [38] 硬件 单级联T幅度均衡器 RGB LED 75~125 750 [41] 硬件 双级联T幅度均衡器 荧光粉LED 17~366 1600 [42] 软件 幂指数均衡 荧光粉LED 500 2080 [43] 
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