我国惯性约束聚变领域中的波前控制技术

李恩德,杨泽平,官春林,等. 我国惯性约束聚变领域中的波前控制技术[J]. 光电工程,2020,47(10):200344. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200344
引用本文: 李恩德,杨泽平,官春林,等. 我国惯性约束聚变领域中的波前控制技术[J]. 光电工程,2020,47(10):200344. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200344
Li E D, Yang Z P, Guan C L, et al. Wavefront control technology for ICF facility in China[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(10): 200344. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200344
Citation: Li E D, Yang Z P, Guan C L, et al. Wavefront control technology for ICF facility in China[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(10): 200344. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200344

我国惯性约束聚变领域中的波前控制技术

  • 基金项目:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)资助(XDA25020316)
详细信息
    作者简介:
    通讯作者: 杨泽平(1970-),男,正高级高级工程师,主要从事自适应光学的研究。E-mail:zpyang@ioe.ac.cn
  • 中图分类号: O439; TN24

Wavefront control technology for ICF facility in China

  • Fund Project: Supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science (XDA25020316)
More Information
  • 在惯性约束聚变(ICF)高功率激光装置中,自适应光学波前控制技术是确保装置安全顺畅通光以及光束质量达标的关键技术之一。本文介绍了我国ICF激光装置中波前控制技术从概念的提出到大规模应用的研究和发展历程,重点介绍了在装置不同发展阶段针对装置的需求所研究和发展的关键系统技术,包括基于远场焦斑优化的爬山法波前控制技术、基于双波前传感器数据融合的全装置波前控制技术,以及旋转腔激光装置结构中基于双变形镜的全系统波前控制技术,并介绍了相关技术在装置上的应用结果。

  • Overview: Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is one of the most important controllable nuclear fusion processes by confining particles using the inertial effects. A fuel target, typically in the form of a pellet containing the mixture of deuterium and tritium, is converted to plasma by heating and compressing with high-energy beams of laser light. These plasmas explodes and produces sufficient shock waves to compress and heat the fuel at the center, which makes the fusion reaction occur. This article introduces the typical structure of an ICF system first. The effects of wavefront distortion of the laser beams are analyzed. It shows that the wavefront distortion may affect the near-filed beam quality and reduce the efficiency of the triper device and focusing. Therefore, wavefront distortion must be effectively controlled to meet the needs of the safety of facilities and the physical parameters to realize the ICF process.

    The wavefront control methods are illustrated by introducing the development from SG-Ⅰ (LF12), SG-Ⅲ prototype (TIL) to SG-Ⅲ facility. In LF12, climbing algorithm was utilized in adaptive optics (AO) to optimize the far-field quality. It disturbed the elements of the controller to get the highest peak energy, and the peak energy increased 3 times with the AO system. It was the first time that wavefront aberration in ICF system was compensated by AO. It revealed that it was possible to employ the active wavefront control method in these high-energy laser systems to improve their optical quality. Since then, AO system became a standard component in the ICF facilities.

    In TIL, 45-element deformed mirrors with the size of 70 mm×70 mm were employed in the prime-amplification system. Bi-wavefront-sensor fusion technique was utilized for system-wide wavefront control. Two Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors were used. One was located in the parameter-diagnose package to compensate the wavefront aberration in the prime-amplification system. The other one was placed to the fuel target for the system wavefront measurement, and the result was passed to the first sensor for close-loop control. Without AO, 95% of the total energy was gathered in the zone of size 15 times diffraction limit (DL), and the Strehl ratio was 0.02. After compensation, the values were 7 and 0.46, respectively, and the focusing performance was enhanced significantly.

    The "U-type reversion + 90° rotation + aperture transformation" configuration, one of the main characters that makes the SG-Ⅲ different from all other ICF facilities in the world, brought challenges to the AO system. 39-element deformed mirrors with the size of 340 mm× 340 mm were used as chamber mirrors for the wavefront compensation of the static and dynamic aberration in the prime-amplification system. 77-element deformed mirrors, placed close to the fuel target, correct the residual wavefront correction after the prime-amplification system. The result showed that both the near-field and far-field distributions were improved remarkably, 95% energy was concentrated in 10DL, which guarantees the full-energy operation stage of the SG-Ⅲ facility.

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  • 图 1  典型的ICF激光装置结构示意图

    Figure 1.  Schema of the typical structure of an ICF system

    图 2  波前畸变(a)及近场调制(b)

    Figure 2.  Wavefront distortion (a) and its near-field modulation (b)

    图 3  激光系统的热恢复过程

    Figure 3.  Heating recovery process of a laser system

    图 4  一组波前(a)和远场环围能量分布(b)

    Figure 4.  Wavefront distortion (a) and corresponding far-field energy distribution(b)

    图 5  爬山法校正前后的远场焦斑[8]。(a)开环远场;(b)闭环远场

    Figure 5.  Far-field distribution before and after wavefront correction using climbing algorithm[8]. (a) Open loop; (a) Closed loop

    图 6  TIL装置波前校正系统示意图[10-12]

    Figure 6.  Schema of the wavefront correction system in TIL[10-12]

    图 7  开环和闭环情况下的焦斑能量分布[13]。(a) AO开环;(b) AO闭环

    Figure 7.  Far-field energy distribution before and after AO correction[13]. (a) AO open loop; (b) AO close loop

    图 8  SG-Ⅲ装置单束激光系统结构

    Figure 8.  Schema of a single laser beam system in SG-Ⅲ

    图 9  SG-Ⅲ光束反转结构示意图

    Figure 9.  Schema of the laser reversion system in SG-Ⅲ

    图 10  SG-Ⅲ装置中的变形镜影响函数。(a)不旋光的影响函数;(b) 90°旋光及口径变换的影响函数

    Figure 10.  Influence function in SG-Ⅲ facility.

    图 11  39单元AO系统对Zernike像差的校正能力

    Figure 11.  The correction ability to Zernike aberrations of an AO system with 39 deformable actuators

    图 12  校正后95%能量范围

    Figure 12.  The 95% energy range after correction

    图 13  小孔上的能量分布(a)及小孔后的近场能量分布模拟(b)

    Figure 13.  The simulation of the energy distribution on the pin-hole (a) and the near-field energy distribution behind the pin-hole(b)

    图 14  SG-Ⅲ装置波前校正系统方案

    Figure 14.  Schema of the wavefront correction system in SG-Ⅲ facility

    图 15  SG-Ⅲ装置波前控制前后的近场和远场能量分布。

    Figure 15.  The near-field and far-field energy distribution before and after wavefront correction in SG-Ⅲ facility. (a) Far-field open loop; (b) Far-field energy distribution open loop; (c) Far-field close loop; (d) Far-field energy distribution close loop

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出版历程
收稿日期:  2020-08-30
修回日期:  2020-09-29
刊出日期:  2020-10-15

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