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Vijayakumar A, Katkus T, Lundgaard S, Linklater D P, Ivanova E P et al. Fresnel incoherent correlation holography with single camera shot. Opto-Electron Adv 3, 200004 (2020). doi: 10.29026/oea.2020.200004
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Fresnel incoherent correlation holography with single camera shot
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Abstract
Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a self-interference based super-resolution three-dimensional imaging technique. FINCH in inline configuration requires an active phase modulator to record at least three phase-shifted camera shots to reconstruct objects without twin image and bias terms. In this study, FINCH is realized using a randomly multiplexed bifocal binary diffractive Fresnel zone lenses fabricated using electron beam lithography. The object space is calibrated by axially scanning a point object along the optical axis and recording the corresponding point spread holograms (PSHs). An object is mounted within the calibrated object space, and the object hologram was recorded under identical experimental conditions used for recording the PSHs. The image of the object at different depths was reconstructed by a cross-correlation between the object hologram and the PSHs. Application potential including bio-medical optics is discussed.-
Keywords:
- imaging /
- holography /
- correlation /
- three-dimensional imaging /
- diffractive optics
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References
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Supplementary information for Fresnel incoherent correlation holography with single camera shot 
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Vijayakumar A, Katkus T, Lundgaard S, Linklater D P, Ivanova E P et al. Fresnel incoherent correlation holography with single camera shot. Opto-Electron Adv 3, 200004 (2020). doi: 10.29026/oea.2020.200004
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Figure 1.
Optical configuration of FINCH with an RMBDL.
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Figure 2.
PSH library generation, object hologram recording, and computational reconstruction.
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Figure 3.
Optical microscope images of the fabricated RMBDL.
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Figure 4.
Images of the PSHs recorded for Δz1 = (a) -3 cm, (b) -2.5 cm, (c) -2 cm, (d) -1.5 cm, (e) -1 cm, (f) -0.5 cm, (g) 0.5 cm, (h) 1 cm, (i) 1.5 cm, (j) 2 cm, (k) 2.5 cm, (l) 3 cm and (m) 0 cm. (n) Plot of the variation of IR (x=0, y=0) as a function of Δz1.
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Figure 5.
(a) Direct imaging result of the USAF object recorded at z2=5 cm. (b) FINCH hologram of the USAF object. Reconstruction results using (c) Lucy-Richardson algorithm (250 iterations), (d) Weiner filter, (e) Fresnel back propagation and (f) non-linear filter (α=0.2, β=0.6). (g) Optical microscope image of of the stained biological sample. The area within the rectangular red box was used for the experiments while the rest of the area was masked with a black tape. (h) Magnified image of the sample within the red box. (i) The direct imaging result with the RMBDL recorded at z2=5 cm from the RMBDL. (j) Object hologram. Reconstruction results using (k) non-linear filter (α=0.2, β=0.6) and (l) Lucy-Richardson algorithm (250 iterations). (m) Plots of the normalized, average intensity values of the grating images of direct imaging (blue), non-linear correlation (green) and Lucy-Richardson algorithm (red) with an average visibility values of 0.504, 0.85 and 0.64 respectively. The different colour dotted circles compare identical areas in different reconstructions. It is seen that the direct imaging results could not resolve features as effectively as FINCH.
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Figure 6.
(a) Ideal image synthesized from the direct imaging result. (b) Autocorrelation image of (a). Results of (c) cross-correlation between (a) and Fig. 5 (a), (d) cross-correlation between (a) and Fig. 5 (f), and (e) cross-correlation between (a) and Fig. 5 (c). (f) Plots of the horizontal line data along the origin for (b)–(e). The extracted line data is shown using white dotted line. SSIM index maps calculated by comparing the ideal image with (g) ideal image, (h) direct imaging, (i) FINCH by non-linear reconstruction and (j) FINCH by Lucy-Richardson algorithm.
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Figure 7.
Images of the (a) PSH and (b) object hologram of Elements 5 and 6 of Group 5. (c) Direct imaging result of elements 5 and 6 of group 5 and (d) normalized average visibility plot of the gratings. Reconstruction results from (e) non-linear filter and Lucy-Richardson algorithm (g) 150 iterations and (i) 200 iterations. Normalized average plot of the gratings for (f) non-linear filter, Lucy-Richardson algorithm (h) 150 iterations and (j) 200 iterations.
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Figure 8.
(a) Image of the hologram of the two plane object. Point spread holograms recorded at (b) z1 = 4.5 cm and (c) z2 = 5 cm. Reconstruction results: USAF is at z = 4.5 cm and NBS is at z = 5 cm from the RMBDL and reconstructed using the PSH (z1 = 4.5 cm), (d) Lucy-Richardson algorithm and (e) non-linear reconstruction. The reconstruction results of the object hologram using the PSH (z1 = 5 cm), (f) Lucy-Richardson algorithm and (g) non-linear reconstruction.
