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Kim MK, Lee DS, Yang YH, Rho JS. Switchable diurnal radiative cooling by doped VO2. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 200006 (2021).. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.200006
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Abstract
This paper presents design and simulation of a switchable radiative cooler that exploits phase transition in vanadium dioxide to turn on and off in response to temperature. The cooler consists of an emitter and a solar reflector separated by a spacer. The emitter and the reflector play a role of emitting energy in mid-infrared and blocking incoming solar energy in ultraviolet to near-infrared regime, respectively. Because of the phase transition of doped vanadium dioxide at room temperature, the emitter radiates its thermal energy only when the temperature is above the phase transition temperature. The feasibility of cooling is simulated using real outdoor conditions. We confirme that the switchable cooler can keep a desired temperature, despite change in environmental conditions. -
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References
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Kim MK, Lee DS, Yang YH, Rho JS. Switchable diurnal radiative cooling by doped VO2. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 200006 (2021).. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.200006
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Figure 1.
Temperature-dependent material responses of VO2. (a) Schematic of temperature-dependent phase. (b) Permittivity at 2 μm when Tc = 298 K. Shaded area represents transition regime. (c) Real and (d) imaginary part of permittivity in transition regime.
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Figure 2.
Design of the switchable radiative cooler. Emitter part consists of stacked layers of silver, silicon and VO2. Solar reflector part consists of three photonic crystals that have 4 pairs of PMMA and silicon. PCi is designed to suppress absorption at λi where λ1 = 0.52 μm, λ2 = 0.76 μm and λ3 = 1.18 μm. Thickness of each layer is λi/4n.
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Figure 3.
Absorptivity and reflectivity of the switchable radiative cooler. (a, b) Absorptivity and reflectivity of the emitter part when VO2 is in (a) metallic and (b) insulating state. (c) Absorptivity and reflectivity of the solar reflector part. Three arrows represent the target wavelengths of three photonic crystals. (d, e) Absorptivity and reflectivity of the switchable radiative cooler when VO2 is in (d) metallic and (e) insulating state. Incident angle is zero. (f) Absorptivity of the switchable radiative cooler when VO2 is metallic.
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Figure 4.
Cooling flux of the radiative cooler under normal incidence of solar energy when Tamb = 303 K. (a, b) Cooling flux when permittivity of VO2 is assumed to be (a) static and (b) dynamic. Shaded area represents the transition regime.
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Figure 5.
Temperature variation in time. (a) Temperature and (b) cooling flux in time for initial temperature of 280 K to 320 K with 5 K step. Temperature indicate the initial temperature of the cooler. Tamb = 303 K. (c, d) A cycle of temperature of a day. (c) Tamb and solar irradiance of July 15, 2018 in Pohang, Korea. (d) Temperature of switchable radiative cooler (blue) and the static radiative cooler when radiative cooling is assumed to be turned on (orange) and off (yellow). Tamb is shown as a reference (black). Initial temperature of the cooler is set equal to the initial Tamb.
