Citation: | Tang Kai, Xiao Yanping, Liu Hai, et al. Experimental observation for multi-mode dynamic output of fiber ring laser based on modulation condition[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2018, 45(10): 180041. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.180041 |
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Overview: Aiming at the phenomena of complex multimode dynamics occurring in practical applications of fiber ring laser (FRLs), this thesis has put forward an improved real-time multichannel frequency-domain monitoring method, which breaks up frequency-domain limitations of traditional measuring tools for laser dynamics. This breakthrough promotes the understanding and analysis on nonlinear dynamics of FRLs from a low dimension to higher, also revealing the complicated correlation between the individual behavior and the collective behavior of dense longitudinal modes and corresponding inherent physics.
The frequency-domain dynamics of laser is a hard problem in the field of optical complex systems. Actually, FRLs belong to a type of optical complex system with large degree of freedom, exhibiting such nonlinear mode dynamics as complex mode hopping, high-dimensional chaos. This thesis adopts erbium doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL) as the research object.
Based on both optical heterodyne and joint time-frequency analysis, a novel frequency-domain method for monitoring multimode dynamics of fiber lasers is proposed. This method has a frequency resolution of kHz-magnitude, and can be used to extract simultaneously the nonlinear time series of multi parameters, i.e., frequency and intensity for dense modes of EDFRL. Experimentally, the frequency-domain dynamics of modulated EDFRL is measured and analyzed, which reveals the complex interaction and evolutional law between the individual behavior and the clustering behavior of modes. The EDFRL with a FBG as wavelength selector is usually considered as a typical single-wavelength laser. However, hundreds of intrinsic modes coexist within the reflective band of FBG and present unsteady multi-longitudinal-mode (MLM) oscillations under autonomous conditions. With the help of optical heterodyne and joint time-frequency analysis method, the fruitful local dynamical phenomenon of the dense modes generated by this kind of EDFRLs are clearly obtained for the first time, which demonstrates that the individual mode shows a typical chaotic behavior whereas the total modes clustering behaves steadily.
A modulated chaotic EDFRL is a typically low-dimensional dynamical system, into which an additional freedom is introduced to realize chaos output. Similarly, this system contains a large number of dense longitudinal modes. Moreover, the dynamics and evolution of these modes in frequency domain are still unclear when the total output of the system is chaotic. By improving the frequency resolution of optical heterodyne and joint time-frequency analysis, the temporal evolution of the frequency, spectrum and intensity of a single mode in chaotic EDFRL are extracted respectively. It is found that when the total intensity exhibits low-dimensional chaos, the frequency modulation and spectral broadening phenomena occur for a single mode in frequency domain, and the mode intensity is characterized by high-dimensional chaos or random fluctuation.
Schematic of the experimental setup for laser mode dynamics
Transmission spectrum of FBG1 and FBG2
Slope efficiency figure. (a) EDFRL1; (b) 980 nm LD
Bifurcation of total intensity with frequency modulation. (a) 1 kHz~40 kHz; (b) 4 kHz~16 kHz
Total intensity and relative intensity noise (RIN) spectrum. (a) Triple periodic state; (b) Popping state; (c) Chaotic state
Bifurcation of total intensity with intensity modulation
Total intensity and relative intensity noise (RIN) spectrum. (a) Triple periodic state; (b) Chaotic state
Multi-mode oscillation with frequency modulation and mode intensity time series. (a) Mode time-frequency fall graph; (b) Mode intensity two dimension graph
Multi-mode oscillation with intensity modulation and mode intensity time series. (a) Mode time-frequency fall graph; (b) Mode intensity three dimension graph