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Zhang Y F, Li X, Lv W C, et al. Link structure of underwater wireless optical communication and progress on performance optimization[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(9): 190734. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.190734
Citation: Zhang Y F, Li X, Lv W C, et al. Link structure of underwater wireless optical communication and progress on performance optimization[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(9): 190734. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.190734
shu

Link structure of underwater wireless optical communication and progress on performance optimization

  • 1.

    Optical Communications Laboratory, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China

  • 3.

    Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China

    • Fund Project: Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0302403) and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA22030208)
More Information
Received Date 16 December 2019
Revised Date 02 March 2020
Published Date 15 September 2020
    Abstract
  • Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) can provide a high-speed and flexible communication link for underwater platforms. This paper introduces the basic structure of a UWOC link and points out the optimization schemes for a UWOC system. Absorption, scattering, and turbulence will affect the performance of a UWOC system. A comprehensive study of channel characteristics can guide the design of transmitters, receivers, and related signal processing technologies. The performance of UWOC can also be optimized by multiplexing technologies, single-photon detection technologies, and alignment systems. A comprehensive test platform could provide a necessary test environment for further sea trials and the practical applications of UWOC. The paper is expected to serve as a guideline for researchers related to UWOC.
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    • Overview

  • Overview: Ocean exploration urgently needs a more flexible and stable way of communication without cables. Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) owns strong competitiveness with the features of large capacity, strong anti-interference ability, and good confidentiality. With such advantages, UWOC has become an important scientific theme attracting worldwide attention. This paper introduces the recent research progress and basic link structures of UWOC, including transmitter, receiver, and a challenging channel. Light emitting diode (LED) and laser diode (LD) are two kinds of light sources commonly used in the UWOC system. LEDs, with a large divergence angle and low cost, are widely used in short-range UWOC. On the other hand, LDs characterized by highly coherent, directional output and larger bandwidth could realize a longer transmission distance at a higher data rate. For the modulation formats, on-off keying (OOK) is widely used in the UWOC systems. Other modulation formats are also used to improve the performance of the system. Channel coding like Reed-Solomon (RS) code, low density parity check (LDPC) code can maintain a stable communication link. At the receiver of UWOC, the most widely used optical detectors are positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode and avalanche photodiode (APD). In addition, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) attract special attention due to ultra-high sensitivity for long-reach UWOC systems. The absorption, scattering, and turbulence in water lead to serious interference and degradation to the performance of UWOC. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the UWOC channel is essential for the design of a UWOC system. For UWOC channel modeling, numerical methods with lower computational complexity, are commonly used. This paper also explores system optimization schemes for UWOC. Multiplexing technologies, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and orbital angular momentum (OAM), can enhance the performance of UWOC by making full use of different optical degrees of freedom. The coverage of the UWOC link can be extended by using single-photon detectors. The underwater wireless optical network enables the connection of massive underwater vehicles, submarines, and sensors in a wider area. UWOC could also be combined with optical fiber communication to realize a longer transmission distance and a more flexible network. Test platforms are also useful for practical UWOC applications. In the future, UWOC is envisioned to play an increasingly important role in ocean exploration. This review is expected to be helpful to the researchers in this field.

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