The research progress and challenge of 3D bioprinting for skin repairing

Lian Weilong; Lian Qin; Jiao Tian; He Xiaoning; Zhao Ming; Hu Dahai; Wan Min

doi:10.12086/oee.2021.210105

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Lian W L, Lian Q, Jiao T, et al. The research progress and challenge of 3D bioprinting for skin repairing[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2021, 48(8): 210105. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.210105

Citation:

Lian W L, Lian Q, Jiao T, et al. The research progress and challenge of 3D bioprinting for skin repairing[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2021, 48(8): 210105. doi: 10.12086/oee.2021.210105

The research progress and challenge of 3D bioprinting for skin repairing

1.
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
2.
Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China
3.
NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
4.
Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
5.
Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
6.
Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Medical and Health Materials and Biological Protective Devices, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China

Fund Project: Additive Manufacturing Special Project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (2018YFE0207900), Science and Technology Projects of PLA (BWS17J036), Key Project of Ji Hua Laboratory (X200031TM200), and National Natural Science Found of China (51835010, 51375371)

More Information

^*Corresponding author: Lian Qin, E-mail: lqiamt@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

Received Date 07 April 2021

Revised Date 13 June 2021

Published Date 15 August 2021

Abstract

Abstract

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, which plays an important role in barrier function, immune response, preventing water loss and excreting waste. Patients with large-scale severe skin injuries will die due to lack of adequate skin grafts. The development of 3D bioprinting technology provides a solution for the manufacture of transplantable skin. Firstly, the principles of skin wound repairing are described. Secondly, the bioinks, cells and main 3D bioprinting technologies used in skin wound repairing are compared. Then, the opto-electronic technologies involved are analyzed, and the challenges and future development of 3D bioprinting in the application of skin repair are summarized. Finally, the application requirements of opto-electronic technology in 3D bioprinting are proposed.
- 3D bioprinting /
- skin /
- bioink /
- cell /
- opto-electronic technology

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References

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Overview

Overview

Overview: The skin is the first line of defense against external stimuli. Therefore, the skin is most vulnerable to injury, and serious skin injury may be life-threatening, so repairing damaged skin is of great significance. Because 3D bioprinting is able to accurately place a variety of different types of cells, even stem cells and appendages, and can repeatably create skin substitutes to replace the injured or damaged parts of the skin, making it similar to the skin appearance and function, 3D bioprinting makes up for the shortcomings of conventional skin wound repairing treatment, and is currently one of the most likely manufacturing methods to develop skin substitutes.

In order to improve the accuracy of printed skin, the degree of adaptation to the wound, and the effect of skin wound repairing, more and more opto-electronic technologies have been applied in 3D bioprinting. Piezoelectric and laser pulse technology can be used in the nozzle to obtain droplets with more uniform cell distribution and droplet diameters that are more suitable for inkjet printing. Digital mask projection technology uses digital micromirror to control the mask to print photosensitive materials to obtain high-resolution customized patterns. Laser-induced forward transfer technology adjusts the energy, spot size, and duration of the pulsed laser beam to cover the laser energy absorbing layer with bioink containing cells. Near-infrared fluorescence technology is used to monitor the printing process in real time, so as to adjust and plan the printing path in real time and obtain the skin with higher degree of compatibility with the defective skin.

In this article, firstly, the skin tissue structures and the principles of skin wound repairing are described. Secondly, the bioinks, cells and main 3D bioprinting technologies used in skin wound repairing are compared. Then, the opto-electronic technologies involved are analyzed. Finally, the application requirements of opto-electronic technology in 3D bioprinting are proposed.