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Hu J, Tang Z Y, Lan X, et al. Switchable edge detection and imaging based on a phase-change metasurface with Ge2Sb2Se4Te1[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(8): 220284. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.220284
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Switchable edge detection and imaging based on a phase-change metasurface with Ge2Sb2Se4Te1
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Abstract
A versatile metasurface platform based on phase change materials (PCMs) is provided to realize dynamic switching between edge detection and imaging without the assistance of a 4f imaging system. The metasurface consists of a periodic arrangement of unit structures which consists of a Ge2Sb2Se4Te1(GSST) nanofin on a silicon substrate. The dynamically switchable performance results from the combination of the geometric phase and two independent propagation phases that are provided by the composed phase-change material meta-atoms in amorphous and crystalline states. The average cross-polarized transmission coefficients are 0.77 and 0.42 in the amorphous and crystalline states. In order to verify the feasibility of the design, simulation and theoretical calculation of the designed switchable metasurface are carried out in crystalline state and amorphous state respectively, which show excellent imaging and edge detection results. The proposed metasurface and its working principle have potential applications in biomedical imaging and defect detection.ect detection.-
Keywords:
- edge detection /
- imaging /
- phase change material /
- metasurface
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References
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Overview
This paper is devoted to the research of switchable edge detection and imaging metasurface without a 4f system. Edge detection and imaging both are important parts of modern imaging processing, which are widely applied in the fields of robot vision, modern artificial intelligence, and medical imaging operation. The method of processing images based on mathematical operations usually has low operational speed and high-power consumption. Therefore, optical analog computation is suggested to operate image processing performs by manipulating optical signal carrying image information. Optical analog computation based on the traditional optical system needs bulky configurations which is improper in highly integrated modern optical systems. Therefore, this paper analyzes and designs the phase distribution which enable switchable edge detection and imaging and proved the feasibility of the design by operating simulation and theoretical calculation with the proposed metasurface. The switchable ability relies on the switchable photonic spin-orbit interactions (SOIs). Therefore, firstly this paper described and analyzed SOIs. And then we utilize two optical properties of GSST in crystalline and amorphous states to design eight unit cells which have different phases when GSST is in different states. In order to prove that the switchable SOIs can be realized by using the free combination of the proposed eight unit cells, the gradient metasurface consists of unit cells designed to perform symmetric photonic SOIs when GSST is in the amorphous state, resulting in symmetric refractive angles -17.1° and 17.1° for LCP and RCP incidence. While the designed gradient metasurface performs asymmetric photonic SOIs when GSST is in the crystalline state, resulting in refractive angles of 0° and 32° for LCP and RCP incidence. The simulated refractive angles are approximately-19.5°, 17.7° and 0°, 31.2° in the amorphous and crystalline state. The highly consistent results between simulation and theoretical calculation prove the feasibility of this design. Then the principle of imaging and edge detection is analyzed theoretically, and by analyzing and optimizing legitimately, designed the propagation phase at the crystalline state and orientation angle for the unit cells. Employing this design method, when GSST is in the amorphous state the phase of transmitted LCP light fulfills the focusing phase. When GSST is in the crystalline state, the transmitted wavefronts of LCP and RCP can match the phase distributions of edge detection. Further, in order to prove the feasibility of the designed metasurface, a metasurface model is created to operate edge detection and imaging in CST Microwave Studio. The edge imaging of the object and the object imaging in simulated results proved the feasibility of the designed metasurface. Finally, at the same time, the letters "S I C N U" and the sun and immortal birds are chosen as objects for calculating the imaging of complex objects theoretically under the above-mentioned phase distributions. The theoretic edge imaging and imaging of the letters "S I C N U" and the sun and immortal birds proved that designed two-phase distributions can realize edge detection and bright-field imaging well. To sum up, the metasurface designed in this paper can provide a kind of design without a 4f system to realize switchable edge detection and imaging.
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Hu J, Tang Z Y, Lan X, et al. Switchable edge detection and imaging based on a phase-change metasurface with Ge2Sb2Se4Te1[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(8): 220284. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.220284
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Figure 1.
Schematic of the metasurface platform enables dynamic switching between the edge detection and imaging based on the phase transition of GSST
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Figure 2.
(a, b) Schematic illustrations of unit cells at different views. (c, d) Simulated phase responses and cross-polarized coefficients of eight unit cells for circularly polarized light at the wavelength of 10.6 μm. The materials of nanofins and substrate are GSST and Si, respectively. Constant parameters: H = 6 μm, P = 4 μm. The length (L) and width (W) of eight unit cells are L= 2.9, 3.0, 3.3, 3.2, 3.5, 3.79, 3.82 and 2.68 μm, W= 1.34, 1.28, 1.2, 1.14, 1.0, 0.83, 0.8 and 1.41 μm
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Figure 3.
(a) Schematic illustration of a periodic gradient metasurface for tunable anomalous transmission; (b) The simulated cross-polarized far-field distributions when GSST is amorphous; (c) The simulated cross-polarized far-field distributions when GSST is crystalline
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Figure 4.
The simulated image intensity distributions of different states under the 10.6 μm incident beam. (a) The simulated RCP image intensity distributions and normalized intensity distributions of the dotted line on z=100 μm plane when GSST is crystalline; (b) The simulated LCP image intensity distributions and normalized intensity distributions of the dotted line on z=100 μm plane when GSST is crystalline; (c) The simulated edge image intensity distribution and normalized intensity distributions of the dotted line on z=100 μm plane when GSST is crystalline; (d) The simulated LCP image intensity distribution and normalized intensity distributions of the dotted line on z=1000 μm plane when GSST is amorphousSST is amorphous
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Figure 5.
(a) The calculation results when the object is "S I C N U", from left to right: object image, imaging, edge detection imaging; (b) The calculation results when the object is the sun and immortal birds, from left to right: object image, imaging, and edge detection imaging; (c) Schematic illustration of the system for image processing
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