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    • 摘要: 电磁超材料由亚波长尺寸的人工单元结构周期或非周期排列组成,可以实现天然材料不具备的奇特性质。超表面作为二维特殊形式超材料,具有剖面低、易集成、低成本等优点。随着有源器件、传感元件与智能算法的引入,超表面进一步实现了对电磁波的实时可编程与智能调控。目前多数电磁超表面研究致力于反射波或透射波调控,事实上,电磁超表面对辐射波同样具有强大的调控能力。本文系统介绍电磁超表面调控辐射波幅度、相位、极化等维度的相关研究进展,以超表面与馈源的集成方式和超表面对辐射波的调控原理为分类依据,重点介绍折叠阵超表面、法布里-珀罗超表面、漏波超表面和辐射式超表面,对应空间馈电、表面波馈电、缝隙耦合馈电、同轴馈电等方式,从无源与有源两个角度介绍这四类超表面对辐射波的调控机理与应用,最后对电磁超表面调控辐射波的未来研究方向进行展望。

       

      Abstract: Electromagnetic metamaterials are composed of sub-wavelength artificial unit cells with periodic and aperiodic arrangements, which can achieve peculiar properties that natural materials do not have. As the two-dimensional metamaterials, metasurfaces have the advantages of low profile, easy integration and low cost. With the introduction of active elements, sensing elements and intelligent algorithms, metasurfaces further realize real-time programmable and intelligent control of electromagnetic waves. At present, most electromagnetic metasurfaces researches are devoted to the manipulation of reflecting waves and transmitting waves. In fact, electromagnetic metasurfaces also have the strong regulation ability for radiating waves. This paper will introduce the research progress of metasurfaces in regulating the amplitude, phase, polarization of radiating waves systematically. Based on the integration of metasurfaces and feeds and the regulation principle of metasurfaces on radiating electromagnetic waves, this paper focuses on folded array metasurfaces, Fabry-Perot metasurfaces, leaky wave metasurfaces and radiation-type metasurfaces, corresponding to space wave feeding, surface wave feeding, gap coupling feeding, coaxial feeding. The regulation mechanism and applications of these four types of metasurfaces on radiating waves are introduced from the perspectives of passive and active. Finally, the future research directions of electromagnetic metasurfaces in regulating radiating waves are prospected.