E-mail Alert
RSS
| Citation: |
Li ZT, Cao K, Li JS, Tang Y, Ding XR et al. Review of blue perovskite light emitting diodes with optimization strategies for perovskite film and device structure. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 200019 (2021).. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.200019
|
Review Open Access
Review of blue perovskite light emitting diodes with optimization strategies for perovskite film and device structure
-
Abstract
Perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted considerable research attention because of their external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >20% and have potential scope for further improvement. However, compared to red and green PeLEDs, blue PeLEDs have not been extensively investigated, which limits their commercial applications in the fields of luminance and full-color displays. In this review, blue-PeLED-related research is categorized by the composition of perovskite. The main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies for perovskite films are summarized. Next, the novel strategies for the design of device structures of blue PeLEDs are reviewed from the perspective of transport layers and interfacial layers. Accordingly, future directions for blue PeLEDs are discussed. This review can be a guideline for optimizing perovskite film and device structure of blue PeLEDs, thereby enhancing their development and application scope.-
Keywords:
- perovskite light emitting diodes /
- perovskite film /
- device structure /
- blue LEDs
-
-
References
[1] Wehrenfennig C, Eperon GE, Johnston MB, Snaith HJ, Herz LM. High charge carrier mobilities and lifetimes in organolead trihalide perovskites. Adv Mater 26, 1584–1589 (2014). doi: 10.1002/adma.201305172 [2] Stranks SD, Eperon GE, Grancini G, Menelaou C, Alcocer MJP et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science 342, 341–344 (2013). doi: 10.1126/science.1243982 [3] Xiao ZG, Dong QF, Bi C, Shao YC, Yuan YB et al. Solvent annealing of perovskite-induced crystal growth for photovoltaic-device efficiency enhancement. Adv Mater 26, 6503–6509 (2014). doi: 10.1002/adma.201401685 [4] Peng SM, Wang SS, Zhao DD, Li XJ, Liang C et al. Pure bromide-based perovskite nanoplatelets for blue light-emitting diodes. Small Methods 3, 1900196 (2019). doi: 10.1002/smtd.201900196 [5] Luo DY, Su R, Zhang W, Gong QH, Zhu R. Minimizing non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells. Nat Rev Mater 5, 44–60 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41578-019-0151-y [6] Tian W, Zhou HP, Li L. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photodetectors. Small 13, 1702107 (2017). doi: 10.1002/smll.201702107 [7] Veldhuis SA, Boix PP, Yantara N, Li MJ, Sum TC et al. Perovskite materials for light-emitting diodes and lasers. Adv Mater 28, 6804–6834 (2016). doi: 10.1002/adma.201600669 [8] Sahli F, Werner J, Kamino BA, Bräuninger M, Monnard R et al. Fully textured monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with 25.2% power conversion efficiency. Nat Mater 17, 820–826 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0115-4 [9] Kong CY, Lin CH, Lin CH, Li TY, Chen SWH et al. Highly efficient and stable white light-emitting diodes using perovskite quantum dot paper. Adv Sci 6, 1970143 (2019). doi: 10.1002/advs.201970143 [10] Li ZT, Song CJ, Li JS, Liang GW, Rao LS et al. Highly efficient and water-stable lead halide perovskite quantum dots using superhydrophobic aerogel inorganic matrix for white light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater Technol 5, 1900941 (2020). doi: 10.1002/admt.201900941 [11] Chen P, Xiong ZY, Wu XY, Shao M, Meng Y et al. Nearly 100% efficiency enhancement of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diodes by utilizing plasmonic au nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 8, 3961–3969 (2017). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01562 [12] Li ZT, Cao K, Li JS, Du XW, Tang Y et al. Modification of interface between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite film inserting an ultrathin LiF layer for enhancing efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes. Org Electron 81, 105675 (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2020.105675 [13] Lu M, Zhang Y, Wang SX, Guo J, Yu WW et al. Metal halide perovskite light-emitting devices: promising technology for next-generation displays. Adv Funct Mater 29, 1902008 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201902008 [14] Tan ZK, Moghaddam RS, Lai ML, Docampo P, Higler R et al. Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite. Nat Nanotechnol 9, 687–692 (2014). doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.149 [15] Li GR, Tan ZK, Di DW, Lai ML, Jiang L et al. Efficient light-emitting diodes based on nanocrystalline perovskite in a dielectric polymer matrix. Nano Lett 15, 2640–2644 (2015). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00235 [16] Li JQ, Bade SGR, Shan X, Yu ZB. Single-layer light-emitting diodes using organometal halide perovskite/poly(ethylene oxide) composite thin films. Adv Mater 27, 5196–5202 (2015). doi: 10.1002/adma.201502490 [17] Yuan MJ, Quan LN, Comin R, Walters G, Sabatini R et al. Perovskite energy funnels for efficient light-emitting diodes. Nat Nanotechnol 11, 872–877 (2016). doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.110 [18] Zhang CX, Kuang DB, Wu WQ. A review of diverse halide perovskite morphologies for efficient optoelectronic applications. Small Methods 4, 1900662 (2020). doi: 10.1002/smtd.201900662 [19] Wang JP, Wang NN, Jin YZ, Si JJ, Tan ZK et al. Interfacial control toward efficient and low-voltage perovskite light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater 27, 2311–2316 (2015). doi: 10.1002/adma.201405217 [20] Shi YF, Wu W, Dong H, Li GR, Xi K et al. A strategy for architecture design of crystalline perovskite light-emitting diodes with high performance. Adv Mater 30, e1800251 (2018). doi: 10.1002/adma.201800251 [21] Cho H, Jeong SH, Park MH, Kim YH, Wolf C et al. Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes. Science 350, 1222–1225 (2015). doi: 10.1126/science.aad1818 [22] Lin KB, Xing J, Quan LN, de Arquer FPG, Gong XW et al. Perovskite light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 20 per cent. Nature 562, 245–248 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0575-3 [23] Cao Y, Wang NN, Tian H, Guo JS, Wei YQ et al. Perovskite light-emitting diodes based on spontaneously formed submicrometre-scale structures. Nature 562, 249–253 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0576-2 [24] Xu WD, Hu Q, Bai S, Bao CX, Miao YF et al. Rational molecular passivation for high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat Photonics 13, 418–424 (2019). [25] Li ZT, Song CJ, Qiu ZY, Li JS, Cao K et al. Study on the thermal and optical performance of quantum dot white light-emitting diodes using metal-based inverted packaging structure. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 66, 3020–3027 (2019). doi: 10.1109/TED.2019.2917010 [26] Li CHA, Zhou ZC, Vashishtha P, Halpert JE. The future is blue (LEDs): why chemistry is the key to perovskite displays. Chem Mater 31, 6003–6032 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01650 [27] Zhou XJ, Tian PF, Sher CW, Wu J, Liu HZ et al. Growth, transfer printing and colour conversion techniques towards full-colour micro-LED display. Prog Quantum Electron 71, 100263 (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100263 [28] Liu ZJ, Lin CH, Hyun BR, Sher CW, Lv ZJ et al. Micro-light-emitting diodes with quantum dots in display technology. Light Sci Appl 9, 83 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41377-020-0268-1 [29] Li JS, Tang Y, Li ZT, Ding XR, Yu BH et al. Largely enhancing luminous efficacy, color-conversion efficiency, and stability for quantum-dot white LEDs using the two-dimensional hexagonal pore structure of sba-15 mesoporous particles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11, 18808–18816 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b22298 [30] Chen SWH, Huang YM, Singh KJ, Hsu YC, Liou FJ et al. Full-color micro-LED display with high color stability using semipolar (20–21) InGaN LEDs and quantum-dot photoresist. Photonics Res 8, 630–636 (2020). doi: 10.1364/PRJ.388958 [31] Li ZT, Cao K, Li JS, Tang Y, Xu L et al. Investigation of light-extraction mechanisms of multiscale patterned arrays with rough morphology for gan-based thin-film LEDs. IEEE Access 7, 73890–73898 (2019). doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921058 [32] Fang T, Zhang FJ, Yuan SC, Zeng HB, Song JZ. Recent advances and prospects toward blue perovskite materials and light-emitting diodes. InfoMat 1, 211–233 (2019). doi: 10.1002/inf2.12019 [33] Protesescu L, Yakunin S, Bodnarchuk MI, Krieg F, Caputo R et al. Nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I): novel optoelectronic materials showing bright emission with wide color gamut. Nano Lett 15, 3692–3696 (2015). doi: 10.1021/nl5048779 [34] Schulz P, Edri E, Kirmayer S, Hodes G, Cahen D et al. Interface energetics in organo-metal halide perovskite-based photovoltaic cells. Energy Environ Sci 7, 1377–1381 (2014). doi: 10.1039/c4ee00168k [35] Kumawat NK, Dey A, Kumar A, Gopinathan SP, Narasimhan KL et al. Band gap tuning of CH3NH3Pb(Br1-xClx)3 hybrid perovskite for blue electroluminescence. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7, 13119–13124 (2015). doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b02159 [36] Sadhanala A, Ahmad S, Zhao BD, Giesbrecht N, Pearce PM et al. Blue-green color tunable solution processable organolead chloride-bromide mixed halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications. Nano Lett 15, 6095–6101 (2015). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02369 [37] Wang ZB, Cheng T, Wang FZ, Dai SY, Tan ZA. Morphology engineering for high-performance and multicolored perovskite light-emitting diodes with simple device structures. Small 12, 4412–4420 (2016). doi: 10.1002/smll.201601785 [38] Kim HP, Kim J, Kim BS, Kim HM, Kim J et al. High-efficiency, blue, green, and near-infrared light-emitting diodes based on triple cation perovskite. Adv Opt Mater 5, 1600920 (2017). doi: 10.1002/adom.201600920 [39] Wang HL, Zhao XF, Zhang BH, Xie ZY. Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes based on RbX-doped polycrystalline CsPbBr3 perovskite films. J Mater Chem C 7, 5596–5603 (2019). doi: 10.1039/C9TC01205B [40] Yuan F, Ran CX, Zhang L, Dong H, Jiao B et al. A cocktail of multiple cations in inorganic halide perovskite toward efficient and highly stable blue light-emitting diodes. ACS Energy Lett 5, 1062–1069 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02562 [41] Gangishetty MK, Sanders SN, Congreve DN. Mn2+ doping enhances the brightness, efficiency, and stability of bulk perovskite light-emitting diodes. ACS Photonics 6, 1111–1117 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00142 [42] Du PP, Li JH, Wang L, Liu J, Li SR et al. Vacuum-deposited blue inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11, 47083–47090 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b17164 [43] Song JZ, Li JH, Li XM, Xu LM, Dong YH et al. Quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on inorganic perovskite cesium lead halides (CsPbX3). Adv Mater 27, 7162–7167 (2015). doi: 10.1002/adma.201502567 [44] Pan J, Quan LN, Zhao YB, Peng W, Murali B et al. Highly efficient perovskite-quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by surface engineering. Adv Mater 28, 8718–8725 (2016). doi: 10.1002/adma.201600784 [45] Yang F, Chen HT, Zhang R, Liu XK, Zhang WZ et al. Efficient and spectrally stable blue perovskite light-emitting diodes based on potassium passivated nanocrystals. Adv Funct Mater 30, 1908760 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201908760 [46] Yao JS, Wang L, Wang KH, Yin YC, Yang JN et al. Calcium-tributylphosphine oxide passivation enables the efficiency of pure-blue perovskite light-emitting diode up to 3.3%. Sci Bull 65, 1150–1153 (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.036 [47] Dong YT, Wang YK, Yuan FL, Johnston A, Liu Y et al. Bipolar-shell resurfacing for blue LEDs based on strongly confined perovskite quantum dots. Nat Nanotechnol 15, 668–674 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0714-5 [48] Li GR, Rivarola FWR, Davis NJLK, Bai S, Jellicoe TC et al. Highly efficient perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes enabled by a universal crosslinking method. Adv Mater 28, 3528–3534 (2016). doi: 10.1002/adma.201600064 [49] Ochsenbein ST, Krieg F, Shynkarenko Y, Raino G, Kovalenko MV. Engineering color-stable blue light-emitting diodes with lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11, 21655–21660 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b02472 [50] Deng W, Xu XZ, Zhang XJ, Zhang YD, Jin XC et al. Organometal halide perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater 26, 4797–4802 (2016). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201601054 [51] Yao EP, Yang ZL, Meng L, Sun PY, Dong SQ et al. High-brightness blue and white LEDs based on inorganic perovskite nanocrystals and their composites. Adv Mater 29, 1606859 (2017). doi: 10.1002/adma.201606859 [52] Li XM, Zhang K, Li JH, Chen J, Wu Y et al. Heterogeneous nucleation toward polar-solvent-free, fast, and one-pot synthesis of highly uniform perovskite quantum dots for wider color gamut display. Adv Mater Interfaces 5, 1800010 (2018). doi: 10.1002/admi.201800010 [53] Shin YS, Yoon YJ, Lee KT, Jeong J, Park SY et al. Vivid and fully saturated blue light-emitting diodes based on ligand-modified halide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11, 23401–23409 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b04329 [54] Shynkarenko Y, Bodnarchuk MI, Bernasconi C, Berezovska Y, Verteletskyi V et al. Direct synthesis of quaternary alkylammonium-capped perovskite nanocrystals for efficient blue and green light-emitting diodes. ACS Energy Lett 4, 2703–2711 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01915 [55] Ye FH, Zhang HJ, Wang P, Cai JL, Wang L et al. Spectral tuning of efficient CsPbBrxCl3-x blue light-emitting diodes via halogen exchange triggered by benzenesulfonates. Chem Mater 32, 3211–3218 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00312 [56] Todorovic P, Ma DX, Chen B, Quintero-Bermudez R, Saidaminov MI et al. Spectrally tunable and stable electroluminescence enabled by rubidium doping of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Adv Opt Mater 7, 1901440 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adom.201901440 [57] Liu M, Zhong GH, Yin YM, Miao JS, Li K et al. Aluminum-doped cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals with stable blue photoluminescence used for display backlight. Adv Sci 4, 1700335 (2017). doi: 10.1002/advs.201700335 [58] Yong ZJ, Guo SQ, Ma JP, Zhang JY, Li ZY et al. Doping-enhanced short-range order of perovskite nanocrystals for near-unity violet luminescence quantum yield. J Am Chem Soc 140, 9942–9951 (2018). doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b04763 [59] Ahmed GH, El-Demellawi JK, Yin J, Pan J, Velusamy DB et al. Giant photoluminescence enhancement in CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals by simultaneous dual-surface passivation. ACS Energy Lett 3, 2301–2307 (2018). doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01441 [60] Mondal N, De A, Samanta A. Achieving near-unity photoluminescence efficiency for blue-violet-emitting perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Energy Lett 4, 32–39 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01909 [61] Zhai Y, Bai X, Pan GC, Zhu JY, Shao H et al. Effective blue-violet photoluminescence through lanthanum and fluorine ions Co-doping for CsPbCl3 perovskite quantum dots. Nanoscale 11, 2484–2491 (2019). doi: 10.1039/C8NR09794A [62] Chen JK, Ma JP, Guo SQ, Chen YM, Zhao Q et al. High-efficiency violet-emitting all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals enabled by alkaline-earth metal passivation. Chem Mater 31, 3974–3983 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00442 [63] Meng FY, Liu XY, Cai XY, Gong ZF, Li BB et al. Incorporation of rubidium cations into blue perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes via FaBr-modified multi-cation hot-injection method. Nanoscale 11, 1295–1303 (2019). doi: 10.1039/C8NR07907B [64] Hou SC, Gangishetty MK, Quan QM, Congreve DN. Efficient blue and white perovskite light-emitting diodes via manganese doping. Joule 2, 2421–2433 (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.08.005 [65] Pan GC, Bai X, Xu W, Chen X, Zhai Y et al. Bright blue light emission of Ni2+ ion-doped CsPbClxBr3-x perovskite quantum dots enabling efficient light-emitting devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12, 14195–14202 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c01074 [66] Shi SS, Wang Y, Zeng SY, Cui Y, Xiao Y. Surface regulation of CsPbBr3 quantum dots for standard blue-emission with boosted plqy. Adv Opt Mater 8, 2000167 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adom.202000167 [67] Shao H, Zhai Y, Wu XF, Xu W, Xu L et al. High brightness blue light-emitting diodes based on CsPb(Cl/Br)3 perovskite qds with phenethylammonium chloride passivation. Nanoscale 12, 11728–11734 (2020). doi: 10.1039/D0NR02597F [68] Zheng XP, Yuan S, Liu JK, Yin J, Yuan FL et al. Chlorine vacancy passivation in mixed halide perovskite quantum dots by organic pseudohalides enables efficient rec. 2020 blue light-emitting diodes. ACS Energy Lett 5, 793–798 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00057 [69] Chiba T, Ishikawa S, Sato J, Takahashi Y, Ebe H et al. Blue perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting devices via the ligand exchange with adamantane diamine. Adv Opt Mater 8, 2000289 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adom.202000289 [70] Wang LT, Shi ZF, Ma ZZ, Yang DW, Zhang F et al. Colloidal synthesis of ternary copper halide nanocrystals for high-efficiency deep-blue light-emitting diodes with a half-lifetime above 100 h. Nano Lett 20, 3568–3576 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00513 [71] Levchuk I, Osvet A, Tang XF, Brandl M, Perea JD et al. Brightly luminescent and color-tunable formamidinium lead halide perovskite FAPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) colloidal nanocrystals. Nano Lett 17, 2765–2770 (2017). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04781 [72] Bekenstein Y, Koscher BA, Eaton SW, Yang PD, Alivisatos AP. Highly luminescent colloidal nanoplates of perovskite cesium lead halide and their oriented assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 137, 16008–16011 (2015). doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b11199 [73] Akkerman QA, Motti SG, Kandada ARS, Mosconi E, D’Innocenzo V et al. Solution synthesis approach to colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets with monolayer-level thickness control. J Am Chem Soc 138, 1010–1016 (2016). doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b12124 [74] Kumar S, Jagielski J, Yakunin S, Rice P, Chiu YC et al. Efficient blue electroluminescence using quantum-confined two-dimensional perovskites. ACS Nano 10, 9720–9729 (2016). doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05775 [75] Zhang CY, Wan Q, Wang B, Zheng WL, Liu MM et al. Surface ligand engineering toward brightly luminescent and stable cesium lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets for efficient blue-light-emitting diodes. J Phys Chem C 123, 26161–26169 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b09034 [76] Bohn BJ, Tong Y, Gramlich M, Lai ML, Döblinger M et al. Boosting tunable blue luminescence of halide perovskite nanoplatelets through postsynthetic surface trap repair. Nano Lett 18, 5231–5238 (2018). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02190 [77] Yang D, Zou YT, Li PL, Liu QP, Wu LZ et al. Large-scale synthesis of ultrathin cesium lead bromide perovskite nanoplates with precisely tunable dimensions and their application in blue light-emitting diodes. Nano Energy 47, 235–242 (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.03.019 [78] Wu Y, Wei CT, Li XM, Li YL, Qiu SC et al. In situ passivation of PbBr64- octahedra toward blue luminescent CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets with near 100% absolute quantum yield. ACS Energy Lett 3, 2030–2037 (2018). doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01025 [79] Peng SM, Wen ZL, Ye TK, Xiao XT, Wang KY et al. Effective surface ligand-concentration tuning of deep-blue luminescent FAPbBr3 nanoplatelets with enhanced stability and charge transport. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12, 31863–31874 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c08552 [80] Hu HW, Salim T, Chen BB, Lam YM. Molecularly engineered organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite with multiple quantum well structure for multicolored light-emitting diodes. Sci Rep 6, 33546 (2016). doi: 10.1038/srep33546 [81] Congreve DN, Weidman MC, Seitz M, Paritmongkol W, Dahod NS et al. Tunable light-emitting diodes utilizing quantum-confined layered perovskite emitters. ACS Photonics 4, 476–481 (2017). doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00963 [82] Cheng L, Cao Y, Ge R, Wei YQ, Wang NN et al. Sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes based on quasi-two-dimensional layered perovskites. Chin Chem Lett 28, 29–31 (2017). doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.07.001 [83] Chen ZM, Zhang CY, Jiang XF, Liu MY, Xia RX et al. High-performance color-tunable perovskite light emitting devices through structural modulation from bulk to layered film. Adv Mater 29, 1603157 (2017). doi: 10.1002/adma.201603157 [84] Wang Q, Ren J, Peng XF, Ji XX, Yang XH. Efficient sky-blue perovskite light-emitting devices based on ethylammonium bromide induced layered perovskites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9, 29901–29906 (2017). doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07458 [85] Vashishtha P, Ng M, Shivarudraiah SB, Halpert JE. High efficiency blue and green light-emitting diodes using ruddlesden-popper inorganic mixed halide perovskites with butylammonium interlayers. Chem Mater 31, 83–89 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02999 [86] Wang KH, Peng YD, Ge J, Jiang SL, Zhu BS et al. Efficient and color-tunable quasi-2D CsPbBrxC3-x perovskite blue light-emitting diodes. ACS Photonics 6, 667–676 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01490 [87] Li ZC, Chen ZM, Yang YC, Xue QF, Yip HL et al. Modulation of recombination zone position for quasi-two-dimensional blue perovskite light-emitting diodes with efficiency exceeding 5%. Nat Commun 10, 1027 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09011-5 [88] Zhang FJ, Cai B, Song JZ, Han BN, Zhang BS et al. Efficient blue perovskite light-emitting diodes boosted by 2D/3D energy cascade channels. Adv Funct Mater 30, 2001732 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adfm.202001732 [89] Jiang YZ, Qin CC, Cui MH, He TW, Liu KK et al. Spectra stable blue perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 10, 1868 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09794-7 [90] Liu Y, Cui JY, Du K, Tian H, He ZF et al. Efficient blue light-emitting diodes based on quantum-confined bromide perovskite nanostructures. Nat Photonics 13, 760–764 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0505-4 [91] Xing J, Zhao YB, Askerka M, Quan LN, Gong XW et al. Color-stable highly luminescent sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 9, 3541 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05909-8 [92] Yuan S, Wang ZK, Xiao LX, Zhang CF, Yang SY et al. Optimization of low-dimensional components of quasi-2D perovskite films for deep-blue light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater 31, 1904319 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adma.201904319 [93] He LH, Xiao ZW, Yang XL, Wu YT, Lian YJ et al. Green and sky blue perovskite light-emitting devices with a diamine additive. J Mater Sci 55, 7691–7701 (2020). doi: 10.1007/s10853-020-04553-2 [94] Liang D, Peng YL, Fu YP, Shearer MJ, Zhang JJ et al. Color-pure violet-light-emitting diodes based on layered lead halide perovskite nanoplates. ACS Nano 10, 6897–6904 (2016). doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02683 [95] Deng W, Jin XC, Lv Y, Zhang XJ, Zhang XH et al. 2D Ruddlesden-popper perovskite nanoplate based deep-blue light-emitting diodes for light communication. Adv Funct Mater 29, 1903861 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201903861 [96] Chen H, Lin J, Kang J, Kong Q, Lu D et al. Structural and spectral dynamics of single-crystalline ruddlesden-popper phase halide perovskite blue light-emitting diodes. Sci Adv 6, eaay4045 (2020). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4045 [97] Tan ZF, Luo JJ, Yang LB, Li X, Deng ZY et al. Spectrally stable ultra-pure blue perovskite light-emitting diodes boosted by square-wave alternating voltage. Adv Opt Mater 8, 1901094 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adom.201901094 [98] Wang Q, Wang XM, Yang Z, Zhou NH, Deng YH et al. Efficient sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes via photoluminescence enhancement. Nat Commun 10, 5633 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13580-w [99] Ma DX, Todorović P, Meshkat S, Saidaminov MI, Wang YK et al. Chloride insertion-immobilization enables bright, narrowband, and stable blue-emitting perovskite diodes. J Am Chem Soc 142, 5126–5134 (2020). doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b12323 [100] Wang FZ, Wang ZY, Sun WD, Wang ZB, Bai YM et al. High performance quasi-2D perovskite sky-blue light-emitting diodes using a dual-ligand strategy. Small 16, e2002940 (2020). doi: 10.1002/smll.202002940 [101] Leung TL, Tam HW, Liu FZ, Lin JY, Ng AMC et al. Mixed spacer cation stabilization of blue-emitting n=2 ruddlesden-popper organic-inorganic halide perovskite films. Adv Opt Mater 8, 1901679 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adom.201901679 [102] Zeng SY, Shi SS, Wang SR, Xiao Y. Mixed-ligand engineering of quasi-2D perovskites for efficient sky-blue light-emitting diodes. J Mater Chem C 8, 1319–1325 (2020). doi: 10.1039/C9TC05590H [103] Jin Y, Wang ZK, Yuan S, Wang Q, Qin CC et al. Synergistic effect of dual ligands on stable blue quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater 30, 1908339 (2020). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201908339 [104] Zou YT, Xu H, Li SY, Song T, Kuai L et al. Spectral-stable blue emission from moisture-treated low-dimensional lead bromide-based perovskite films. ACS Photonics 6, 1728–1735 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00435 [105] Yusoff ARBM, Gavim AEX, Macedo AG, da Silva WJ, Schneider FK et al. High-efficiency, solution-processable, multilayer triple cation perovskite light-emitting diodes with copper sulfide-gallium-tin oxide hole transport layer and aluminum-zinc oxide-doped cesium electron injection layer. Mater Today Chem 10, 104–111 (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.08.005 [106] Hoye RLZ, Lai ML, Anaya M, Tong Y, Galkowski K et al. Identifying and reducing interfacial losses to enhance color-pure electroluminescence in blue-emitting perovskite nanoplatelet light-emitting diodes. ACS Energy Lett 4, 1181–1188 (2019). doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00571 [107] Gangishetty MK, Hou SC, Quan QM, Congreve DN. Reducing architecture limitations for efficient blue perovskite light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater 30, e1706226 (2018). doi: 10.1002/adma.201706226 [108] Ren ZW, Xiao XT, Ma RM, Lin H, Wang K et al. Hole transport bilayer structure for quasi-2D perovskite based blue light-emitting diodes with high brightness and good spectral stability. Adv Funct Mater 29, 1905339 (2019). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201905339 [109] Shin YS, Yoon YJ, Heo J, Song S, Kim JW et al. Functionalized PFN-X (X = Cl, Br, or I) for balanced charge carriers of highly efficient blue light-emitting diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12, 35740–35747 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c09968 [110] Wang HL, Xu YS, Wu J, Chen L, Yang QQ et al. Bright and color-stable blue-light-emitting diodes based on three-dimensional perovskite polycrystalline films via morphology and interface engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 11, 1411–1418 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03714 [111] Yuan ZC, Miao YF, Hu ZJ, Xu WD, Kuang CY et al. Unveiling the synergistic effect of precursor stoichiometry and interfacial reactions for perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 10, 2818 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10612-3 -
Access History
Figures(9)
Tables(1)
Article Metrics
Export File
Citation
Li ZT, Cao K, Li JS, Tang Y, Ding XR et al. Review of blue perovskite light emitting diodes with optimization strategies for perovskite film and device structure. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 200019 (2021).. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.200019
Format
Content
DownLoad:
-
Figure 1.
Preliminary study of pure 3D perovskites and their blue PeLEDs. (a) Schematic diagram of the structure of 3D perovskites. (b) Photoluminescence spectra of MAPb(Br1−xClx)3 perovskite film with different ratios of Cl-. (c) SEM image of MAPb(Br1−xClx)3 perovskite film on ITO/PEDOT:PSS substrate. (d) Normalized EL spectra of CH3NH3Pb(BrxCl1−x)3 [0 ≤ x ≤ 1] perovskite thin-film-based LEDs with different chloride−bromide ratios, as indicated and measured at 77 K. Figure reproduced with permission from: (a-c) ref.35, American Chemical Society; (d) ref.36, American Chemical Society.
-
Figure 2.
Morphology and PLQY modification for 3D perovskites and their blue PeLEDs. (a) The calculated coverage degree and average grain size of perovskite films with various CsBr:RbBr molar ratios. (b) EL spectra of the device fabricated with cocktail cation strategy operating under different voltages. The inset shows a digital photograph of a device in operation. (c) PLQY measurements with various Mn doping ratios. (d) Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) decays of samples A (deep-blue region), B (blue region), and C (sky-blue region). Figure reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.39, Royal Society of Chemistry; (b) ref.40, American Chemical Society; (c) ref.41, American Chemical Society; (d) ref.42, American Chemical Society.
-
Figure 3.
Spectral tuning strategies for PQDs and their blue PeLEDs. (a) Schematic diagram of CsPbBrxCl3-x QD-based blue PeLED device structure by the DDAB/DDAC post-treatment strategy. (b) EL spectra of CsPbBrxCl3−x QD-based PeLEDs with various ratios of DDAB and DDAC in precursor solution. The inset shows a digital photograph of the device in operation. (c) Schematic diagram of the halogen exchange process in PQDs enhanced by benzenesulfonates. Figure reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.53, American Chemical Society; (b) ref.54, American Chemical Society; (c) ref.55, American Chemical Society.
-
Figure 4.
Defects passivation strategies for PQDs and their blue PeLEDs. (a) TRPL curves of pristine, RbBr-modified, and FABr/RbBr-modified PQD films. (b) PLQY of Ni2+ ion-doped CsPbClxBr3−x PQDs in dispersion with NiCl2 precursor feeding amounts of 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 ml. The inset shows photographs of the Ni2+ ion-doped CsPbClxBr3−x PQDs under 365 nm UV lamp illumination. (c) Illustration of Cl vacancy-induced trap site formation, electron trapping, and self-assembly of DAT on the defect sites of perovskite films. (d) EL spectra of Cs3Cu2I5 QD-based PeLEDs measured before aging, after running for 108 and 170 h, and after a relaxation time of 1 h. Figure reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.63, Royal Society of Chemistry; (b) ref.65, American Chemical Society; (c) ref.68, American Chemical Society; (d) ref.70, American Chemical Society.
-
Figure 5.
Dimension tuning and surface passivation strategies for PNLs and their blue PeLEDs. (a) A digital photograph of the first colloidal PNL-based pure-blue LED in operation (area: 3 mm × 5 mm). (b) Schematic diagram of colloidal NPLs treated by DDAB. (c) EL spectra of the colloidal PNL-based PeLEDs fabricated by Bohn et al. with PbBr2 post-treatment strategy. The inset shows digital photographs of a device in operation. (d) Illustration of in-situ passivation strategy of PbBr64− octahedra. Figure reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.74, American Chemical Society; (b) ref.75, American Chemical Society; (c) ref.76, American Chemical Society; (d) ref.78, American Chemical Society.
-
Figure 6.
Phases modulation strategies for quasi-2D perovskite and their PeLEDs. (a) EL spectra of BA cations-based quasi-2D PeLEDs. (b) PLQY and trap density curves of quasi-2D perovskite film with various concentration of PEABr. (c) PL spectra of Rb-Cs alloyed perovskite films with various composition. (d) Transient absorption spectra of PEA2MA1.5Pb2.5Br8.5 with various molar ratio of IPABr from 0 to 40%. Figure reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.85, American Chemical Society; (b) ref.87, Springer Nature; (c) ref.89, Springer Nature; (d) ref.91, Springer Nature.
-
Figure 7.
Spectral stability modification strategies for quasi-2D perovskite and their PeLEDs. (a) Schematic diagram of the yttrium gradient distribution in the CsPbBr3:PEACl (1:1) film and its function in increasing the bandgap around the grain surface. (b) Stable EL spectra of DPPOCl-treated PeLEDs before and after operation. The inset is the schematic diagram of the mechanism of the DPPOCl induced chlorides-insertion-immobilization process. (c) EL spectra of moisture-treated blue emissive device operated under a different bias with moral ratio of CsBr: PbBr2 of 2.2. Figure reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.98, Springer Nature; (b) ref.99, American Chemical Society; (c) ref.104, American Chemical Society.
-
Figure 8.
Interface modification strategies for blue PeLEDs. (a) Device structure of quasi-2D blue PeLEDs with LiF as the interface modification layer. (b) Energy level alignment diagram of blue PeLEDs with device structure of LiF-perovskite-LiF. (c) Device structure and (d) cross-section picture of quasi-2D PeLEDs with RbCl as the interface modification layer. Figure reproduced from: (a) ref.86, American Chemical Society; (b) ref.40, American Chemical Society; (c) and (d) ref.110, American Chemical Society.
-
Figure 9.
Energy level alignments of various ETL, HTL, and emissive layer materials.
