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Fan XT, Wu TZ, Liu B, Zhang R, Kuo HC et al. Recent developments of quantum dot based micro-LED based on non-radiative energy transfer mechanism. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 210022 (2021).. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.210022
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Recent developments of quantum dot based micro-LED based on non-radiative energy transfer mechanism
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Abstract
With regard to micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), their excellent brightness, low energy consumption, and ultra-high resolution are significant advantages. However, the large size of traditional inorganic phosphors and the number of side defects have restricted the practical applications of small sized micro-LEDs. Recently, quantum dot (QD) and non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) have been proposed to solve existing problems. QDs possess nanoscale dimensions and high luminous efficiency, and they are suitable for NRET because they are able to nearly contact the micro-LED chip. The NRET between QDs and micro-LED chip further improves the color conversion efficiency (CCE) and effective quantum yield (EQY) of full-color micro-LED devices. In this review, we discuss the NRET mechanism for QD micro-LED devices, and then nano-pillar LED, nano-hole LED, and nano-ring LED are introduced in detail. These structures are beneficial to the NRET between QD and micro-LED, especially nano-ring LED. Finally, the challenges and future envisions have also been described. -
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References
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Fan XT, Wu TZ, Liu B, Zhang R, Kuo HC et al. Recent developments of quantum dot based micro-LED based on non-radiative energy transfer mechanism. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 210022 (2021).. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.210022
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Figure 1.
The corresponding developments of QD micro-LED. (a) The methods of mass production. (b) Atomic layer deposition passivation. (c) The mechanism of energy transfer between micro-LED chip and QDs. (d) Structural design for QD micro-LEDs. Figures reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.14, Royal Society of Chemistry; ref.15, under a Creative Commons Attribution License; ref.22, Chinese Laser Press; (d) ref.28, Optical Society of America; ref.29, John Wiley and Sons; ref.30, under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
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Figure 2.
Optical properties of the hybrid QW/QDs. Figure reproduced with permission from ref.35, Springer Nature.
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Figure 3.
(a) Electroluminescence (EL) wavelength spectrum of a 100 μm × 100 μm AlGaInP micro-LED and (b) light output power characteristics of 100 μm × 100 μm and 20 μm × 20 μm micro-LEDs with different sidewall treatments. The insets in (a) are EL images of the five micro-LED sizes at 1 A/cm2. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.45, Optical Society of America.
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Figure 4.
(a) PL emission spectra of micro-LEDs with and without ALD passivation. (b) Temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence decay curves of micro-LEDs with and without ALD. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.46, under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
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Figure 5.
(a) Schematic of the nano-pillar LED. (b) Cross-sectional SEM image of a nano-pillar LED device. (c) SEM image of the QD-coated nanopillars. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.28, Optical Society of America.
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Figure 6.
Electroluminescence spectra of the (a) nano-pillar LED and (b) planar control samples with and without QD coupling. (c) Time-resolved photoluminescence decay curves of a nano-pillar LED sample with and without QD-coating. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.28, Optical Society of America.
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Figure 7.
(a) Schematic representation, (b) cross-sectional, and (c) top SEM images of a photonic quasicrystal LED hybridized with QD color converters. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.50, under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
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Figure 8.
Electroluminescence spectra of a PQC LED before (black solid line) and after hybridization (red solid line) with (a) QD-585 and (b) a blend of QD-535, QD-585, and QD-630, along with the absorption spectrum of QD-585 (orange dashed line) in (a) and the absorption spectrum of QD-535 (green dashed line), QD-585 (orange dashed line), and QD-630 (red dashed line) in (b). (c, d) Effective quantum yield (red solid circles) and effective color conversion efficiency (black open squares) of a PQC LED hybridized with QD-585 in (c) and with the QD blend in (d). Figures reproduced with permission from ref.50, under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
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Figure 9.
(a) Schematic diagrams of hybrid h-LED. (b) Bird’s eye view SEM image of ordered nano-hole arrays in the absence of QDs with ITO current spreading layer on the surface. (c) Cross-sectional view SEM image of nano-holes filled with NCs, and (d) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs and a high-resolution image in the inset. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.51, John Wiley and Sons.
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Figure 10.
The physical schematic diagram of an NRET process. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.51, John Wiley and Sons.
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Figure 11.
(a) Epitaxial wafer. (b) Three subpixels of a green micro-LED, a blue micro-LED, and a QD-micro-LED. (c) Deposition of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) film and P/N electrodes. (d) Covering distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) filter. (e) Full-color display panel composed of the proposed hybrid QD-micro-LED. (f) Cross-sectional view of a single RGB pixel. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.46, Chinese Laser Press.
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Figure 12.
(a) SEM image of RGB pixel array. (b) SEM image of QD-micro-LED with 30° tilt angle. (c) TEM image of the contact area between multi-QWs and QDs. (d) TEM image of 1 nm Al2O3 deposited on the sidewall of an QD-micro-LED through ALD. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.46, Chinese Laser Press.
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Figure 13.
(a) Absorption spectrum of red QD and EL spectrum of blue nano-ring micro-LED. (b) TRPL curves of nano-ring micro-LED with and without red QDs. (c) Normalized EL spectra of RGB hybrid full-color micro-LED devices. (d) Color gamut of RGB hybrid full-color micro-LED device, NTSC, and Rec. 2020. Figures reproduced with permission from ref.46, Chinese Laser Press.
