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Li A, Li YF, Wang C et al. An inversely designed integrated spectrometer with reconfigurable performance and ultra-low power consumption. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 240099 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.240099
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An inversely designed integrated spectrometer with reconfigurable performance and ultra-low power consumption
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Abstract
Despite the pressing demand for integrated spectrometers, a solution that deliver high-performance while being practically operated is still missing. Furthermore, current integrated spectrometers lack reconfigurability in their performance, which is highly desirable for dynamic working scenarios. This study presents a viable solution by demonstrating a user-friendly, reconfigurable spectrometer on silicon. At the core of this innovative spectrometer is a programmable photonic circuit capable of exhibiting diverse spectral responses, which can be significantly adjusted using on-chip phase shifters. The distinguishing feature of our spectrometer lies in its inverse design approach, facilitating effortless control and efficient manipulation of the programmable circuit. By eliminating the need for intricate configuration, our design reduces power consumption and mitigates control complexity. Additionally, our reconfigurable spectrometer offers two distinct operating conditions. In the Ultra-High-Performance mode, it is activated by multiple phase-shifters and achieves exceptional spectral resolution in the picometer scale while maintaining broad bandwidth. On the other hand, the Ease-of-Use mode further simplifies the control logic and reduces power consumption by actuating a single-phase shifter. Although this mode provides a slightly degraded spectral resolution of approximately 0.3 nm, it prioritizes ease of use and is well-suited for applications where ultra-fine spectral reconstruction is not a primary requirement. -
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References
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Li A, Li YF, Wang C et al. An inversely designed integrated spectrometer with reconfigurable performance and ultra-low power consumption. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 240099 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.240099
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Figure 1.
A few examples of different types of integrated spectrometers. (a) Passive spectrometer utilizing an array of stratified waveguide filters with distinct spectral responses. (b) Scanning spectrometer based on tunable narrowband filter, e.g. microring resonator. (c, d) Fourier transform spectrometer with continuous optical path delay enabled by thermo-optic effect (c) and switch-array to reconfigure the physical channels (d).
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Figure 2.
(a) Structure of our proposed programmable circuit. (b) Simulated spectral responses for the inversely designed structure with 0 and π phase changes applied to the 11 phase shifters, respectively. (c) Auto-correlation and cross-correlations of the spectral responses of the inversely designed circuit. (d) Simulated spectral responses for the randomly designed structure with 0 and π phase changes applied to the 11 phase shifters, respectively. (e) Auto-correlation and cross-correlations of the spectral responses of the randomly designed circuit.
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Figure 3.
(a−d) Simulations when actuating 11 phase shifters simultaneously. (a) Simulated spectral responses under 100 different configurations of 11 phase shifters. (b) Phase changes of the 11 phase shifters. (c) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (d) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses. (e−h) Simulations when actuating single phase shifter at a time. (e) Simulated spectral responses under 100 different configurations of all 11 phase shifters. (f) Phase changes of the 11 phase shifters. (g) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (h) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses.
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Figure 4.
(a) Images of the fabricated chip. (b–e) Experimental results when actuating 11 phase shifters simultaneously. (b) Spectral responses under 400 different configurations of 11 phase shifters. (c) Power consumptions of the 11 phase shifters. (d) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (e) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses.
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Figure 5.
Experimental results when actuating 1 phase shifters at a time. (a) Spectral responses under 132 different configurations of all 11 phase shifters. (b) Power consumptions of the 11 phase shifters. (c) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (d) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses.
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Figure 6.
Reconstructions of various narrow peaks when the spectrometer working at mode 1(a) and mode 2(b), with a resolution of 6 pm and 150 pm, respectively. Reconstructions of two closely standing narrow peaks when the spectrometer working at mode 1(c) and mode 2(d), with a minimum distance of 15 pm and 300 pm, respectively. Reconstructions of broad spectrum when the spectrometer working at mode 1(e) and mode 2(f). Reconstructions of a complex dense spectrum when the spectrometer working at mode 1(g) and mode 2(h).
