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Hu J, Lin WH, Shao LY et al. High-resolution tumor marker detection based on microwave photonics demodulated dual wavelength fiber laser sensor. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 240105 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.240105
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High-resolution tumor marker detection based on microwave photonics demodulated dual wavelength fiber laser sensor
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Abstract
The specific detection of tumor markers is crucial in early tumor screening and subsequent treatment processes. To accurately distinguish the signal response caused by trace markers, the high demodulation resolution of the sensor is necessary. In this paper, we propose a dual-wavelength fiber laser sensing system enhanced with microwave photonics demodulation technology to achieve high-resolution tumor marker detection. This sensing system can simultaneously perform spectral wavelength-domain and frequency-domain analyses. Experimental results demonstrate that this system's refractive index (RI) sensitivity reaches 1083 nm/RIU by wavelength analysis and –1902 GHz/RIU by frequency analysis, with ideal detection resolutions of 1.85×10–5 RIU and 5.26×10–8 RIU, respectively. Compared with traditional wavelength domain analysis, the demodulation resolution is improved by three orders of magnitude, based on the same sensing structure. To validate its biosensing performance, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) is selected as the detection target. Experimental results show that the improved sensing system has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.076 ng/mL and a detection resolution of 0.008 ng/mL. Experimental results obtained from human serum samples are consistent with clinical data, highlighting the strong clinical application potential of the proposed sensing system and analysis method. -
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References
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Supplementary Information
Supplementary information for High-resolution tumor marker detection based on microwave photonics demodulated dual wavelength fiber laser sensor
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Hu J, Lin WH, Shao LY et al. High-resolution tumor marker detection based on microwave photonics demodulated dual wavelength fiber laser sensor. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 240105 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.240105
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Figure 1.
Dual-wavelength fiber laser sensor and its signal demodulation system.
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Figure 2.
(a) Schematic diagram and detail enlarging diagram of the tapered lasso-shaped fiber sensor. (b) Simulation results of the light field energy distribution in the sensing probe, tapered region (locally enlarged) and output SMF section (locally enlarged), as well as simulated transmission spectrum of output signal. (c) Interference spectrum of tapered lasso-shaped fiber sensor. (d) Reflection spectrum of FBG. (e) Dual-wavelength laser spectrum.
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Figure 3.
Principle of microwave photonic demodulation based on optical dispersion induced time delay.
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Figure 4.
(a) Dual-wavelength laser spectra in solutions with different RIs. (b) fitting relationship between laser wavelength and RI. (c) RF spectrum in solutions with different RIs. (d) FSR response with RI and its fitting curve. (e) The 4th notch frequency response with RI and its fitting curve.
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Figure 5.
(a) Flow diagram of antibody modification on the fiber surface for antigen detection. (b) Microscopic imaging in a low light environment, and (c) fluorescence microscopic imaging of optical fiber sensors without antibody functionalization and immobilized with antibody (FITC labeled).
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Figure 6.
(a) Dual-wavelength laser spectrum during blank control test. (b) Continuous monitoring of laser wavelengths during blank control test. (c) RF spectrum based on microwave photonics demodulation during blank control test. (d) Continuous monitoring of FSR and the 5th notch frequency during blank control test.
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Figure 7.
(a) Dual-wavelength laser spectra after sufficient reaction in CEACAM5 solutions with different concentrations. (b) The fitting relationship between the change in wavelength difference and CEACAM5 concentration. (c) Comparison and significance difference test of the variation of laser wavelength difference between CEACAM5 solution, non-specific protein control groups and blank control group.
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Figure 8.
(a) RF spectra based on microwave photonic demodulation after sufficient reaction in CEACAM5 solution with different concentrations. (b) The fitting relationship between spectral FSR reduction and CEACAM5 concentration. (c) Comparison of spectral FSR reduction in different control groups and their significance difference test. (d) The fitting relationship between 5th notch frequency reduction and CEACAM5 concentration. (e) Comparison of 5th notch frequency in different control groups and their significance difference test.
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Figure 9.
The testing results of serum samples based on three analysis methods and compared with the clinical data.
