Citation: | Gao H, Fan XH, Wang YX, Liu YC, Wang XG et al. Multi-foci metalens for spectra and polarization ellipticity recognition and reconstruction. Opto-Electron Sci 2, 220026 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oes.2023.220026 |
[1] | Tanré D, Bréon FM, Deuzé JL, Dubovik O, Ducos F et al. Remote sensing of aerosols by using polarized, directional and spectral measurements within the A-Train: the PARASOL mission. Atmos Meas Tech 4, 1383–1395 (2011). doi: 10.5194/amt-4-1383-2011 |
[2] | Yuen PWT, Richardson M. An introduction to hyperspectral imaging and its application for security, surveillance and target acquisition. Imaging Sci J 58, 241–253 (2010). doi: 10.1179/174313110X12771950995716 |
[3] | Liang HD. Advances in multispectral and hyperspectral imaging for archaeology and art conservation. Appl Phys A 106, 309–323 (2012). doi: 10.1007/s00339-011-6689-1 |
[4] | Levitt JA, Matthews DR, Ameer-Beg SM, Suhling K. Fluorescence lifetime and polarization-resolved imaging in cell biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 20, 28–36 (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.01.004 |
[5] | Park H, Crozier KB. Multispectral imaging with vertical silicon nanowires. Sci Rep 3, 2460 (2013). doi: 10.1038/srep02460 |
[6] | Zhao YQ, Yi C, Kong SG, Pan Q, Cheng YM. Multi-band Polarization Imaging and Applications (Springer, 2016). |
[7] | Yu NF, Capasso F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces. Nat Mater 13, 139–150 (2014). doi: 10.1038/nmat3839 |
[8] | Dorrah AH, Capasso F. Tunable structured light with flat optics. Science 376, eabi6860 (2022). doi: 10.1126/science.abi6860 |
[9] | Luo XG. Engineering Optics 2.0: A Revolution in Optical Theories, Materials, Devices and Systems (Springer, Singapore, 2019). |
[10] | Zhang YX, Pu MB, Jin JJ, Lu XJ, Guo YH et al. Crosstalk-free achromatic full Stokes imaging polarimetry metasurface enabled by polarization-dependent phase optimization. Opto-Electron Adv 5, 220058 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oea.2022.220058 |
[11] | Guo YH, Zhang SC, Pu MB, He Q, Jin JJ et al. Spin-decoupled metasurface for simultaneous detection of spin and orbital angular momenta via momentum transformation. Light Sci Appl 10, 63 (2021). doi: 10.1038/s41377-021-00497-7 |
[12] | Zhang F, Pu MB, Li X, Gao P, Ma XL et al. All-dielectric metasurfaces for simultaneous giant circular asymmetric transmission and wavefront shaping based on asymmetric photonic spin–orbit interactions. Adv Funct Mater 27, 1704295 (2017). doi: 10.1002/adfm.201704295 |
[13] | Xu MF, He Q, Pu MB, Zhang F, Li L et al. Emerging long-range order from a freeform disordered metasurface. Adv Mater 34, 2108709 (2022). doi: 10.1002/adma.202108709 |
[14] | Gao H, Fan XH, Xiong W, Hong MH. Recent advances in optical dynamic meta-holography. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 210030 (2021). doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.210030 |
[15] | Joo WJ, Kyoung J, Esfandyarpour M, Lee SH, Koo H et al. Metasurface-driven OLED displays beyond 10, 000 pixels per inch. Science 370, 459–463 (2020). doi: 10.1126/science.abc8530 |
[16] | Li ZY, Lin P, Huang YW, Park JS, Chen WT et al. Meta-optics achieves RGB-achromatic focusing for virtual reality. Sci Adv 7, eabe4458 (2021). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4458 |
[17] | Zhao ZY, Pu MB, Gao H, Jin JJ, Li X et al. Multispectral optical metasurfaces enabled by achromatic phase transition. Sci Rep 5, 15781 (2015). doi: 10.1038/srep15781 |
[18] | Gao H, Li Y, Chen LW, Jin JJ, Pu MB et al. Quasi-Talbot effect of orbital angular momentum beams for generation of optical vortex arrays by multiplexing metasurface design. Nanoscale 10, 666–671 (2018). doi: 10.1039/C7NR07873K |
[19] | Fang XY, Ren HR, Gu M. Orbital angular momentum holography for high-security encryption. Nat Photonics 14, 102–108 (2020). doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0560-x |
[20] | Khorasaninejad M, Zhu W, Crozier KB. Efficient polarization beam splitter pixels based on a dielectric metasurface. Optica 2, 376–382 (2015). doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000376 |
[21] | Li X, Chen LW, Li Y, Zhang XH, Pu MB et al. Multicolor 3D meta-holography by broadband plasmonic modulation. Sci Adv 2, e1601102 (2016). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601102 |
[22] | Gao H, Wang YX, Fan XH, Jiao BZ, Li TA et al. Dynamic 3D meta-holography in visible range with large frame number and high frame rate. Sci Adv 6, eaba8595 (2020). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8595 |
[23] | Hu YQ, Luo XH, Chen YQ, Liu Q, Li X et al. 3D-Integrated metasurfaces for full-colour holography. Light Sci Appl 8, 86 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0198-y |
[24] | Lin RJ, Su VC, Wang SM, Chen MK, Chung TL et al. Achromatic metalens array for full-colour light-field imaging. Nat Nanotechnol 14, 227–231 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0347-0 |
[25] | Hua X, Wang YJ, Wang SM, Zou XJ, Zhou Y et al. Ultra-compact snapshot spectral light-field imaging. Nat Commun 13, 2732 (2022). doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30439-9 |
[26] | Arbabi E, Kamali SM, Arbabi A, Faraon A. Full-stokes imaging polarimetry using dielectric metasurfaces. ACS Photonics 5, 3132–3140 (2018). doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00362 |
[27] | Yang ZY, Wang ZK, Wang YX, Feng X, Zhao M et al. Generalized Hartmann-Shack array of dielectric metalens sub-arrays for polarimetric beam profiling. Nat Commun 9, 4607 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07056-6 |
[28] | Rubin NA, D’Aversa G, Chevalier P, Shi ZJ, Chen WT et al. Matrix Fourier optics enables a compact full-Stokes polarization camera. Science 365, eaax1839 (2019). doi: 10.1126/science.aax1839 |
[29] | Intaravanne Y, Chen XZ. Recent advances in optical metasurfaces for polarization detection and engineered polarization profiles. Nanophotonics 9, 1003–1014 (2020). doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2019-0479 |
[30] | Yue Z, Li J, Li J, Zheng CL, Liu JY et al. Terahertz metasurface zone plates with arbitrary polarizations to a fixed polarization conversion. Opto-Electron Sci 1, 210014 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oes.2022.210014 |
[31] | Li JT, Wang GC, Yue Z, Liu JY, Li J et al. Dynamic phase assembled terahertz metalens for reversible conversion between linear polarization and arbitrary circular polarization. Opto-Electron Adv 5, 210062 (2022). doi: 10.29026/oea.2022.210062 |
[32] | Arbabi E, Arbabi A, Kamali SM, Horie Y, Faraon A. Multiwavelength metasurfaces through spatial multiplexing. Sci Rep 6, 32803 (2016). doi: 10.1038/srep32803 |
[33] | Avayu O, Almeida E, Prior Y, Ellenbogen T. Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics. Nat Commun 8, 14992 (2017). doi: 10.1038/ncomms14992 |
[34] | Sun T, Hu JP, Zhu XJ, Xu F, Wang CH. Broadband single-chip full stokes polarization-spectral imaging based on all-dielectric spatial multiplexing metalens. Laser Photonics Rev 16, 2100650 (2022). doi: 10.1002/lpor.202100650 |
[35] | Khorasaninejad M, Chen WT, Devlin RC, Oh J, Zhu AY et al. Metalenses at visible wavelengths: Diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging. Science 352, 1190–1194 (2016). doi: 10.1126/science.aaf6644 |
[36] | Gao H, Pu MB, Li X, Ma XL, Zhao ZY et al. Super-resolution imaging with a Bessel lens realized by a geometric metasurface. Opt Express 25, 13933–13943 (2017). doi: 10.1364/OE.25.013933 |
[37] | Ni XJ, Ishii S, Kildishev AV, Shalaev VM. Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses. Light Sci Appl 2, e72 (2013). doi: 10.1038/lsa.2013.28 |
[38] | Wang SM, Wu PC, Su VC, Lai YC, Chen MK et al. A broadband achromatic metalens in the visible. Nat Nanotechnol 13, 227–232 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s41565-017-0052-4 |
[39] | Wang YL, Fan QB, Xu T. Design of high efficiency achromatic metalens with large operation bandwidth using bilayer architecture. Opto-Electron Adv 4, 200008 (2021). doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.200008 |
[40] | Zang XF, Ding HZ, Intaravanne Y, Chen L, Peng Y et al. A multi-foci metalens with polarization-rotated focal points. Laser & Photonics Reviews 13, 1900182 (2019). |
[41] | Chen XZ, Chen M, Mehmood MQ, Wen DD, Yue FY et al. Longitudinal multifoci metalens for circularly polarized light. Adv Opt Mater 3, 1201–1206 (2015). doi: 10.1002/adom.201500110 |
[42] | Chen K, Feng YJ, Monticone F, Zhao JM, Zhu B et al. A reconfigurable active Huygens’ metalens. Adv Mater 29, 1606422 (2017). doi: 10.1002/adma.201606422 |
[43] | Wang W, Guo ZY, Zhou KY, Sun YX, Shen F et al. Polarization-independent longitudinal multi-focusing metalens. Opt Express 23, 29855–29866 (2015). doi: 10.1364/OE.23.029855 |
[44] | Pan MY, Fu YF, Zheng MJ, Chen H, Zang YJ et al. Dielectric metalens for miniaturized imaging systems: progress and challenges. Light Sci Appl 11, 195 (2022). doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-00885-7 |
Supplementary information for Multi-foci metalens for spectra and polarization ellipticity recognition and reconstruction |
Design concept of the SPMM device. The light from photographic scenes contains spectrum- and elliptic polarization-related information that is usually lost or ignored in traditional imaging systems. Our multi-foci metalens (inset) generates twelve foci/images corresponding to six spectral bands and two circular polarization states, thereby permitting the reconstruction of these lost features.
Design and realization of the SPMM. (a, b) The metalenses designed for RCP (or LCP) based on the holography principle possess six working wavelengths and six corresponding off-axis foci at different positions on the same focal plane. (c) The SPMM with twelve different foci was acquired by mixing nanostructures of these two metalenses together randomly. (d, e) The simulated cross-polarization conversion efficiencies (d) and phase retardation (e) corresponding to six discrete wavelengths. The materials of the nanostructure and substrate were SiNx and SiO2, respectively. h=600 nm, w=130 nm, l=323 nm, and p=450 nm. (f) The SEM images of the fabricated metasurface (scale bar 2 μm). The fake color represents randomly mixed nanostructures. An optical inset shows the whole SPMM, which is 500 μm in diameter (scale bar 50 μm).
Design and experimental focusing/imaging results for the SPMM. (a) The sketch map of optical setup with laser source (See
Polarization-dependent focusing and imaging using the SPMM. (a) The relationship between normalized intensities IRCP (or ILCP) of RCP (or LCP) light and the polarization parameter η in the Jones matrices. (b) The contrast calculated by (IRCP−ILCP)/(IRCP+ILCP). (c) Typical polarization state measurement results at 500 nm, with the polarization state of the incident light beam varied gradually from LCP to RCP. The intensity of the focus at position F (500 nm, R) increases from zero to maximum, with this trend reversed at F (500 nm, L). (d) Imaging results achieved by the SPMM at a wavelength of 540 nm.
Multispectral and polarized imaging using the SPMM with ordinary white light beams. (a) Schematic illustration of the experiment. (b–d) Imaging results for a color picture consisting of four flags. The light source is a halogen lamp, and its spectrum is presented in (c). (e–g) Imaging results for the phrase "HUST", with the spectrum of a mobile phone flashlight that was used as the light source. (h) Histogram of the reconstructed spectra based on six regions marked with dash lines in (g). (i, j) Regular optical image and the SPMM imaging results for a transparent plastic stick. (k, l) A pair of typical images with the same spectral band are enlarged. (m) The reconstructed polarization ellipticity image can be calculated from the SPMM imaging results in (j). The images of corresponding opaque patterns are marked with dashed lines.