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Zhu ZB, Li YF, Wang JF et al. Reconfigurable origami chiral response for holographic imaging and information encryption. Opto-Electron Sci x, 240026 (2025). doi: 10.29026/oes.2025.240026
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Reconfigurable origami chiral response for holographic imaging and information encryption
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Abstract
With the rapid development of holographic technology, metasurface-based holographic communication schemes have demonstrated immense potential for electromagnetic (EM) multifunctionality. However, traditional passive metasurfaces are severely limited by their lack of reconfigurability, hindering the realization of versatile holographic applications. Origami, an art form that mechanically induces spatial deformations, serves as a platform for multifunctional devices and has garnered significant attention in optics, physics, and materials science. The Miura-ori folding paradigm, characterized by its continuous reconfigurability in folded states, remains unexplored in the context of holographic imaging. Herein, we integrate the principles of Rosenfeld with L- and D-metal chiral enantiomers on a Miura-ori surface to tailor the aperture distribution. Leveraging the continuously tunable nature of the Miura-ori's folded states, the chiral response of the metallic structures varies across different folding configurations, enabling distinct EM holographic imaging functionalities. In the planar state, holographic encryption is achieved. Under specific folding conditions and driven by spin circularly polarized (CP) waves at a particular frequency, multiplexed holographic images can be reconstructed on designated focal planes with CP selectivity. Notably, the fabricated origami metasurface exhibits a large negative Poisson ratio, facilitating portability and deployment and offering novel avenues for spin-selective systems, camouflage, and information encryption.-
Keywords:
- origami /
- reconfigurable /
- chiral response /
- holographic imaging /
- information encryption
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References
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Zhu ZB, Li YF, Wang JF et al. Reconfigurable origami chiral response for holographic imaging and information encryption. Opto-Electron Sci x, 240026 (2025). doi: 10.29026/oes.2025.240026
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Figure 1.
Schematic illustration of a dynamic multifunctional metasurface based on Miura-ori. The reconfigurable origami metasurface enables the display or concealment of image information for dynamic display and encryption. In the planar state, the chiral response of the unit cells remains inactive, resulting in scrambled encoding sequences across both channels, which prevents the normal display of images. Upon folding the origami metasurface, the incident CP light (including both RCP and LCP) decodes two far-field holographic images (Channel 1 and Channel 2).
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Figure 2.
Transmission characteristics of the Miura-ori unit cell structure. (a, b) The L- and D-enantiomer unit cell structures are in the planar state. a=b=10 mm, l1=12 mm, l2=l4=2 mm, l3=7 mm, β=60°. The L- and D-enantiomers have a periodicity of Px in the x-direction and Py in the y-direction. Note that Px and Py are dynamically changing as the folded state varies. (c) Transmission magnitude and CD values as a function of frequency when the L- and D-enantiomer unit cell structures are in the planar state. (d, e) The L- and D-enantiomer unit cell structures in the folded state. θ represents the unique degree of freedom describing the folded state of the Miura-ori. (f) Transmission magnitude and CD values as a function of frequency when the L- and D-enantiomer unit cell structures are in the folded state (θ=45°).
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Figure 3.
(a) Cross-polarization transmission coefficients for the folded L- and D-enantiomer unit cells. tRL represents the cross-polarization coefficient when illuminated by LCP. tLR denotes the cross-polarization coefficient for RCP incidence (θ=45°). (b) Unit cells that implement LCP and RCP 0 and 1 transmission. There is a metal layer covering, to achieve 0 transmission. No metal layer covering, pure media substrate, to achieve 1 transmission. (c) The transmission spectra of the unit cells (θ=45°).
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Figure 4.
The surface current distribution of the proposed origami enantiomer, f=16.7 GHz. The plane state corresponding to (a) L-enantiomer and (b) D-enantiomer, the surface current distribution is the same under LCP and RCP irradiation. The surface currents corresponding to the folded L-enantiomers (θ=45°) are distributed under (c) LCP and (d) RCP irradiation. The surface currents of folded D-enantiomers (θ=45°) are distributed under (e) LCP and (f) RCP irradiation.
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Figure 5.
(a) The phase responses of the four kinds of unit cells (θ=45°). L-/D-enantiomers, with/without metallic sheets in folded states. (b) The flowchart for generating the required meta-hologram. (c) The position distribution of the four kinds of apertures which composed the origami metasurface.
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Figure 6.
The photograph of the (a) planar and (b) folded (θ=45°) origami metasurface sample. (c) In the folded state, the local pattern is represented. '00' denotes pure substrate, '11' denotes pure metal, '01' denotes L-enantiomer, and '10' denotes D-enantiomer. (d) Schematic description of the near-field scanning experimental setup.
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Figure 7.
Simulation and measurement results. Planar state (θ=0°): Simulated results under (a) LCP and (b) RCP illumination; measured results under (e) LCP and (f) RCP illumination. Folded state (θ=45°): Simulated results under (c) LCP and (d) RCP illumination; measured results under (g) LCP and (h) RCP illumination.
