E-mail Alert
RSS
| Citation: |
Xu K, Wang X E, Fan X H, et al. Meta-holography: from concept to realization[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2022, 49(10): 220183. doi: 10.12086/oee.2022.220183
|
Meta-holography: from concept to realization
-
Abstract
The pursuit of real-time, full-color, three-dimension (3D), and dynamic display has inspired a rich body of industrial and academic research. With the introduction of "Metaverse", there is an increasing demand for high-performance 3D display devices and technologies. Holographic technology is an ideal approach for future naked-eye 3D display. However, traditional dynamic holographic devices have brought many shortcomings such as small field of view (FOV) and limited information capacity, which hinder the practical applications. As a new class of light field modulator, metasurface is expected to achieve remarkable breakthroughs in the field of holographic display with the advantages of their small pixel size and the emerging ability to manipulate light. This paper gives an overview of the development of meta-holography from four aspects: the design strategy, the modulation principle, the methods for realizing dynamic display and the micro-nano fabrication technologies for optical metasurface. We finally include a brief discussion of the future direction in this field. -
-
References
[1] 金国藩, 张浩, 苏萍, 等. 计算机制全息图[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020. Jin G F, Zhang H, Su P, et al. Computer-Generated Holography[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2020. [2] Brown B R, Lohmann A W. Complex spatial filtering with binary masks[J]. Appl Opt, 1966, 5(6): 967−969. doi: 10.1364/AO.5.000967 [3] Lohmann A W, Paris D P. Binary fraunhofer holograms, generated by computer[J]. Appl Opt, 1967, 6(10): 1739−1748. doi: 10.1364/AO.6.001739 [4] Samoylenko S R, Lisitsin A V, Schepanovich D, et al. Single atom movement with dynamic holographic optical tweezers[J]. Laser Phys Lett, 2020, 17(2): 025203. doi: 10.1088/1612-202X/ab6729 [5] Casasent D, Rozzi W A. Computer-generated and phase-only synthetic discriminant function filters[J]. Appl Opt, 1986, 25(20): 3767−3772. doi: 10.1364/AO.25.003767 [6] Slinger C, Cameron C, Stanley M. Computer-generated holography as a generic display technology[J]. Computer, 2005, 38(8): 46−53. doi: 10.1109/MC.2005.260 [7] Reichelt S, Tiziani H. Asphärenprüfung mit computergenerierten Hologrammen (Testing Aspheric Optics by Use of Computer-generated Holograms)[J]. tm - Tech Mess, 2006, 73(10): 554−565. doi: 10.1524/teme.2006.73.10.554 [8] Deng L G, Deng J, Guan Z Q, et al. Malus-metasurface-assisted polarization multiplexing[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2020, 9: 101. doi: 10.1038/s41377-020-0327-7 [9] Yu N F, Genevet P, Kats M A, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6054): 333−337. doi: 10.1126/science.1210713 [10] Zhang S F, Huang L L, Li X, et al. Dynamic display of full-stokes vectorial holography based on metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2021, 8(6): 1746−1753. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00307 [11] Shrestha S, Overvig A C, Lu M, et al. Broadband achromatic dielectric metalenses[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2018, 7: 85. doi: 10.1038/s41377-018-0078-x [12] 胡跃强, 李鑫, 王旭东, 等. 光学超构表面的微纳加工技术研究进展[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2020, 49(9): 20201035. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20201035 Hu Y Q, Li X, Wang X D, et al. Progress of micro-nano fabrication technologies for optical metasurfaces[J]. Infrared Laser Eng, 2020, 49(9): 20201035. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20201035 [13] Tseng M L, Hsiao H H, Chu C H, et al. Metalenses: advances and applications[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2018, 6(18): 1800554. doi: 10.1002/adom.201800554 [14] Chen X Y, Zou H J, Su M Y, et al. All-dielectric metasurface-based beam splitter with arbitrary splitting ratio[J]. Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021, 11(5): 1137. doi: 10.3390/nano11051137 [15] Haghtalab M, Tamagnone M, Zhu A Y, et al. Ultrahigh angular selectivity of disorder-engineered metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2020, 7(4): 991−1000. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01655 [16] Larouche S, Tsai Y J, Tyler T, et al. Infrared metamaterial phase holograms[J]. Nat Mater, 2012, 11(5): 450−454. doi: 10.1038/nmat3278 [17] Walther B, Helgert C, Rockstuhl C, et al. Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98(19): 191101. doi: 10.1063/1.3587622 [18] Gao H, Fan X H, Xiong W, et al. Recent advances in optical dynamic meta-holography[J]. Opto-Electron Adv, 2021, 4(11): 210030. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.210030 [19] Pang H, Wang J Z, Cao A X, et al. Accurate hologram generation using layer-based method and iterative Fourier transform algorithm[J]. IEEE Photonics J, 2017, 9(1): 1−8. doi: 10.1109/jphot.2016.2634783 [20] Gerchberg R W, Saxton W O. A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures[J]. Optik, 1972, 35(2): 237−246. [21] Feldman M R, Guest C C. Iterative encoding of high-efficiency holograms for generation of spot arrays[J]. Opt Lett, 1989, 14(10): 479−481. doi: 10.1364/OL.14.000479 [22] Yoshikawa N, Itoh M, Yatagai T. Quantized phase optimization of two-dimensional Fourier kinoforms by a genetic algorithm[J]. Opt Lett, 1995, 20(7): 752−754. doi: 10.1364/OL.20.000752 [23] Pang H, Wang J Z, Cao A X, et al. High-accuracy method for holographic image projection with suppressed speckle noise[J]. Opt Express, 2016, 24(20): 22766−22776. doi: 10.1364/OE.24.022766 [24] Liu S C, Chu D P. Deep learning for hologram generation[J]. Opt Express, 2021, 29(17): 27373−27395. doi: 10.1364/OE.418803 [25] Lee J, Jeong J, Cho J, et al. Deep neural network for multi-depth hologram generation and its training strategy[J]. Opt Express, 2020, 28(18): 27137−27154. doi: 10.1364/OE.402317 [26] Lee G Y, Yoon G, Lee S Y, et al. Complete amplitude and phase control of light using broadband holographic metasurfaces[J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(9): 4237−4245. doi: 10.1039/C7NR07154J [27] 李雄, 马晓亮, 罗先刚. 超表面相位调控原理及应用[J]. 光电工程, 2017, 44(3): 255−275. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2017.03.001 Li X, Ma X L, Luo X G. Principles and applications of metasurfaces with phase modulation[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2017, 44(3): 255−275. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-501X.2017.03.001 [28] Wang E W, Sell D, Phan T, et al. Robust design of topology-optimized metasurfaces[J]. Opt Mater Express, 2019, 9(2): 469−482. doi: 10.1364/OME.9.000469 [29] Xu M F, Pu M B, Sang D, et al. Topology-optimized catenary-like metasurface for wide-angle and high-efficiency deflection: from a discrete to continuous geometric phase[J]. Opt Express, 2021, 29(7): 10181−10191. doi: 10.1364/OE.422112 [30] Wan W W, Gao J, Yang X D. Metasurface holograms for holographic imaging[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2017, 5(21): 1700541. doi: 10.1002/adom.201700541 [31] Xie X, Pu M B, Jin J J, et al. Generalized pancharatnam-berry phase in rotationally symmetric meta-atoms[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2021, 126(18): 183902. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.183902 [32] Huang L L, Chen X Z, Mühlenbernd H, et al. Three-dimensional optical holography using a plasmonic metasurface[J]. Nat Commun, 2013, 4(1): 2808. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3808 [33] Zheng G X, Mühlenbernd H, Kenney M, et al. Metasurface holograms reaching 80% efficiency[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2015, 10(4): 308−312. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.2 [34] Zhang X H, Jin J J, Wang Y Q, et al. Metasurface-based broadband hologram with high tolerance to fabrication errors[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 19856. doi: 10.1038/srep19856 [35] Wang L, Kruk S, Tang H Z, et al. Grayscale transparent metasurface holograms[J]. Optica, 2016, 3(12): 1504−1505. doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.3.001504 [36] Devlin R C, Khorasaninejad M, Chen W T, et al. Broadband high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces for the visible spectrum[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2016, 113(38): 10473−10478. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1611740113 [37] 付娆, 李子乐, 郑国兴. 超构表面的振幅调控及其功能器件研究进展[J]. 中国光学, 2021, 14(4): 886−899. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0017 Fu R, Li Z L, Zheng G X, et al. Research development of amplitude-modulated metasurfaces and their functional devices[J]. Chin Opt, 2021, 14(4): 886−899. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0017 [38] Butt H, Montelongo Y, Butler T, et al. Carbon nanotube based high resolution holograms[J]. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(44): OP331−OP336. doi: 10.1002/adma.201202593 [39] Huang K, Liu H, Garcia-Vidal F J, et al. Ultrahigh-capacity non-periodic photon sieves operating in visible light[J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 7059. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8059 [40] Xu Z T, Huang L L, Li X W, et al. Quantitatively correlated amplitude holography based on photon sieves[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2020, 8(2): 1901169. doi: 10.1002/adom.201901169 [41] Fu R, Deng L G, Guan Z Q, et al. Zero-order-free meta-holograms in a broadband visible range[J]. Photonics Res, 2020, 8(5): 723−728. doi: 10.1364/PRJ.387397 [42] Overvig A C, Shrestha S, Malek S C, et al. Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2019, 8: 92. doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0201-7 [43] Gao Y S, Fan Y B, Wang Y J, et al. Nonlinear holographic all-dielectric metasurfaces[J]. Nano Lett, 2018, 18(12): 8054−8061. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04311 [44] 隋晓萌, 何泽浩, 曹良才, 等. 基于液晶空间光调制器的复振幅全息显示进展[J]. 液晶与显示, 2021, 36(6): 797−809. doi: 10.37188/CJLCD.2021-0049 Sui X M, He Z H, Cao L C, et al. Recent progress in complex-modulated holographic display based on liquid crystal spatial light modulators[J]. Chin J Liq Cryst Dis, 2021, 36(6): 797−809. doi: 10.37188/CJLCD.2021-0049 [45] Ni X J, Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M. Metasurface holograms for visible light[J]. Nat Commun, 2013, 4(1): 2807. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3807 [46] Wang Q, Zhang X Q, Xu Y H, et al. Broadband metasurface holograms: toward complete phase and amplitude engineering[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 32867. doi: 10.1038/srep32867 [47] Jiang Q, Cao L C, Huang L L, et al. A complex-amplitude hologram using an ultra-thin dielectric metasurface[J]. Nanoscale, 2020, 12(47): 24162−24168. doi: 10.1039/D0NR06461K [48] Huang T Y, Zhao X, Zeng S W, et al. Planar nonlinear metasurface optics and their applications[J]. Rep Prog Phys, 2020, 83(12): 126101. doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/abb56e [49] 石鸣谦, 刘俊, 陈卓, 等. 基于超构表面的非线性光学与量子光学[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2020, 49(9): 20201028. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20201028 Shi M Q, Liu J, Chen Z, et al. Nonlinear optics and quantum optics based on metasurface[J]. Infrared Laser Eng, 2020, 49(9): 20201028. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20201028 [50] Frese D, Wei Q S, Wang Y T, et al. Nonlinear bicolor holography using plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2021, 8(4): 1013−1019. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00028 [51] Mao N B, Tang Y T, Jin M K, et al. Nonlinear wavefront engineering with metasurface decorated quartz crystal[J]. Nanophotonics, 2022, 11(4): 797−803. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0464 [52] Mao N B, Zhang G Q, Tang Y T, et al. Nonlinear vectorial holography with quad-atom metasurfaces[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2022, 119(22): e2204418119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2204418119 [53] Deng Z L, Wang Z Q, Li F J, et al. Multi-freedom metasurface empowered vectorial holography[J]. Nanophotonics, 2022, 11(9): 1725−1739. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0662 [54] Tan H Y, Deng J H, Zhao R Z, et al. A free-space orbital angular momentum multiplexing communication system based on a metasurface[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2019, 13(6): 1800278. doi: 10.1002/lpor.201800278 [55] Li Z F, He C, Zhu W R. Secret sharing holographic encryption with off-axis dual-channel metasurface[C]//2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, 2020: 815–816. doi: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330314. [56] Li Z F, Premaratne M, Zhu W R. Advanced encryption method realized by secret shared phase encoding scheme using a multi-wavelength metasurface[J]. Nanophotonics, 2020, 9(11): 3687−3696. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0298 [57] Xiong Y J, Vandenhoute M, Cankaya H C. Control architecture in optical burst-switched WDM networks[J]. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2000, 18(10): 1838−1851. doi: 10.1109/49.887906 [58] Nakayama H, Takada N, Ichihashi Y, et al. Real-time color electroholography using multiple graphics processing units and multiple high-definition liquid-crystal display panels[J]. Appl Opt, 2010, 49(31): 5993−5996. doi: 10.1364/AO.49.005993 [59] Zeng Z X, Zheng H F, Yu Y J, et al. Full-color holographic display with increased-viewing-angle [Invited][J]. Appl Opt, 2017, 56(13): F112−F120. doi: 10.1364/AO.56.00F112 [60] Makowski M, Ducin I, Sypek M, et al. Color image projection based on Fourier holograms[J]. Opt Lett, 2010, 35(8): 1227−1229. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.001227 [61] Makowski M, Sypek M, Kolodziejczyk A. Colorful reconstructions from a thin multi-plane phase hologram[J]. Opt Express, 2008, 16(15): 11618−11623. doi: 10.1364/OE.16.011618 [62] Kozacki T, Chlipala M. Color holographic display with white light LED source and single phase only SLM[J]. Opt Express, 2016, 24(3): 2189−2199. doi: 10.1364/OE.24.002189 [63] Zhao W Y, Liu B Y, Jiang H, et al. Full-color hologram using spatial multiplexing of dielectric metasurface[J]. Opt Lett, 2016, 41(1): 147−150. doi: 10.1364/OL.41.000147 [64] Wang B, Dong F L, Li Q T, et al. Visible-frequency dielectric metasurfaces for multiwavelength achromatic and highly dispersive holograms[J]. Nano Lett, 2016, 16(8): 5235−5240. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02326 [65] Zhang F, Pu M B, Gao P, et al. Simultaneous full-color printing and holography enabled by centimeter-scale plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. Adv Sci, 2020, 7(10): 1903156. doi: 10.1002/advs.201903156 [66] Guo X Y, Zhong J Z, Li B J, et al. Full-color holographic display and encryption with full-polarization degree of freedom[J]. Adv Mater, 2022, 34(3): 2103192. doi: 10.1002/adma.202103192 [67] Ma D N, Li Z C, Liu W W, et al. Deep-learning enabled multicolor meta-holography[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10(15): 2102628. doi: 10.1002/ADOM.202102628 [68] Hu Y Q, Luo X H, Chen Y Q, et al. 3D-Integrated metasurfaces for full-colour holography[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2019, 8: 86. doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0198-y [69] Lim K T P, Liu H L, Liu Y J, et al. Holographic colour prints for enhanced optical security by combined phase and amplitude control[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1): 25. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07808-4 [70] Shi Z J, Khorasaninejad M, Huang Y W, et al. Single-layer metasurface with controllable multiwavelength functions[J]. Nano Lett, 2018, 18(4): 2420−2427. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05458 [71] Hu Y Q, Li L, Wang Y J, et al. Trichromatic and tripolarization-channel holography with noninterleaved dielectric metasurface[J]. Nano Lett, 2020, 20(2): 994−1002. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04107 [72] Li X, Chen L W, Li Y, et al. Multicolor 3D meta-holography by broadband plasmonic modulation[J]. Sci Adv, 2016, 2(11): e1601102. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601102 [73] Deng Z L, Jin M K, Ye X, et al. Full-color complex-amplitude vectorial holograms based on multi-freedom metasurfaces[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2020, 30(21): 1910610. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201910610 [74] Huo P C, Song M W, Zhu W Q, et al. Photorealistic full-color nanopainting enabled by a low-loss metasurface[J]. Optica, 2020, 7(9): 1171−1172. doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.403092 [75] Bao Y J, Yu Y, Xu H F, et al. Full-colour nanoprint-hologram synchronous metasurface with arbitrary hue-saturation-brightness control[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2019, 8: 95. doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0206-2 [76] Wei Q S, Sain B, Wang Y T, et al. Simultaneous spectral and spatial modulation for color printing and holography using all-dielectric metasurfaces[J]. Nano Lett, 2019, 19(12): 8964−8971. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03957 [77] Kamali S M, Arbabi E, Arbabi A, et al. Angle-multiplexed metasurfaces: encoding independent wavefronts in a single metasurface under different illumination angles[J]. Phys Rev X, 2017, 7(4): 041056. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.7.041056 [78] Jang J, Lee G Y, Sung J, et al. Independent multichannel wavefront modulation for angle multiplexed meta-holograms[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2021, 9(17): 2100678. doi: 10.1002/adom.202100678 [79] Wang E L, Niu J B, Liang Y H, et al. Complete control of multichannel, angle-multiplexed, and arbitrary spatially varying polarization fields[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2020, 8(6): 1901674. doi: 10.1002/adom.201901674 [80] Wan S, Tang J, Wan C W, et al. Angular-encrypted quad-fold display of nanoprinting and meta-holography for optical information storage[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10(11): 2102820. doi: 10.1002/adom.202102820 [81] Zhang X H, Jin J J, Pu M B, et al. Ultrahigh-capacity dynamic holographic displays via anisotropic nanoholes[J]. Nanoscale, 2017, 9(4): 1409−1415. doi: 10.1039/C6NR07854K [82] Wang J Y, Tan X D, Qi P L, et al. Linear polarization holography[J]. Opto-Electron Sci, 2022, 1(2): 210009. doi: 10.29026/oes.2022.210009 [83] Chen W T, Yang K Y, Wang C M, et al. High-efficiency broadband meta-hologram with polarization-controlled dual images[J]. Nano Lett, 2014, 14(1): 225−230. doi: 10.1021/nl403811d [84] Montelongo Y, Tenorio-Pearl J O, Milne W I, et al. Polarization switchable diffraction based on subwavelength plasmonic nanoantennas[J]. Nano Lett, 2014, 14(1): 294−298. doi: 10.1021/nl4039967 [85] Wen D D, Yue F Y, Li G X, et al. Helicity multiplexed broadband metasurface holograms[J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 8241. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9241 [86] Mueller J P B, Rubin N A, Devlin R C, et al. Metasurface polarization optics: independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal states of polarization[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2017, 118(11): 113901. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.113901 [87] Li Z L, Chen C, Guan Z Q, et al. Three-channel metasurfaces for simultaneous meta-holography and meta-nanoprinting: a single-cell design approach[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2020, 14(6): 2000032. doi: 10.1002/lpor.202000032 [88] Kuroda K. Theory of polarization holography[C]//2011 10th Euro-American Workshop on Information Optics, 2011: 1–3,doi: 10.1109/WIO.2011.5981446. [89] Zhao R Z, Sain B, Wei Q S, et al. Multichannel vectorial holographic display and encryption[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2018, 7: 95. doi: 10.1038/s41377-018-0091-0 [90] Deng Z L, Deng J H, Zhuang X, et al. Diatomic metasurface for vectorial holography[J]. Nano Lett, 2018, 18(5): 2885−2892. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00047 [91] Arbabi E, Kamali S M, Arbabi A, et al. Vectorial holograms with a dielectric metasurface: ultimate polarization pattern generation[J]. ACS Photonics, 2019, 6(11): 2712−2718. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00678 [92] Ren H R, Shao W, Li Y, et al. Three-dimensional vectorial holography based on machine learning inverse design[J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6(16): eaaz4261. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4261 [93] Wang J, Yang J Y, Fazal I M, et al. Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing[J]. Nat Photonics, 2012, 6(7): 488−496. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.138 [94] Bozinovic N, Yue Y, Ren Y X, et al. Terabit-scale orbital angular momentum mode division multiplexing in fibers[J]. Science, 2013, 340(6140): 1545−1548. doi: 10.1126/science.1237861 [95] Mair A, Vaziri A, Weihs G, et al. Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons[J]. Nature, 2001, 412(6844): 313−316. doi: 10.1038/35085529 [96] Fickler R, Lapkiewicz R, Plick W N, et al. Quantum entanglement of high angular momenta[J]. Science, 2012, 338(6107): 640−643. doi: 10.1126/science.1227193 [97] O’Neil A T, MacVicar I, Allen L, et al. Intrinsic and extrinsic nature of the orbital angular momentum of a light beam[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2002, 88(5): 053601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.053601 [98] Ren H R, Briere G, Fang X Y, et al. Metasurface orbital angular momentum holography[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1): 2986. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11030-1 [99] Ren H R, Fang X Y, Jang J, et al. Complex-amplitude metasurface-based orbital angular momentum holography in momentum space[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2020, 15(11): 948−955. doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0768-4 [100] Jin L, Huang Y W, Jin Z W, et al. Dielectric multi-momentum meta-transformer in the visible[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1): 4789. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12637-0 [101] Izumi R, Ikezawa S, Iwami K. Metasurface holographic movie: a cinematographic approach[J]. Opt Express, 2020, 28(16): 23761−23770. doi: 10.1364/OE.399369 [102] Gao H, Wang Y X, Fan X H, et al. Dynamic 3D meta-holography in visible range with large frame number and high frame rate[J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6(28): eaba8595. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8595 [103] Tang J, Wan S, Shi Y Y, et al. Dynamic augmented reality display by layer-folded metasurface via electrical-driven liquid crystal[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10(12): 2200418. doi: 10.1002/adom.202200418 [104] Li J X, Yu P, Zhang S, et al. A reusable metasurface template[J]. Nano Lett, 2020, 20(9): 6845−6851. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02876 [105] Sounas D L, Alù A. Non-reciprocal photonics based on time modulation[J]. Nat Photonics, 2017, 11(12): 774−783. doi: 10.1038/s41566-017-0051-x [106] Frese D, Wei Q S, Wang Y T, et al. Nonreciprocal asymmetric polarization encryption by layered plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. Nano Lett, 2019, 19(6): 3976−3980. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01298 [107] Ansari M A, Kim I, Rukhlenko I D, et al. Engineering spin and antiferromagnetic resonances to realize an efficient direction-multiplexed visible meta-hologram[J]. Nanoscale Horiz, 2020, 5(1): 57−64. doi: 10.1039/C9NH00460B [108] Naveed M A, Ansari M A, Kim I, et al. Optical spin-symmetry breaking for high-efficiency directional helicity-multiplexed metaholograms[J]. Microsyst Nanoeng, 2021, 7: 5. doi: 10.1038/S41378-020-00226-X [109] Kruk S S, Wang L, Sain B, et al. Asymmetric parametric generation of images with nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces[J]. Nat Photonics, 2022, 16(8): 561−565. doi: 10.1038/S41566-022-01018-7 [110] Qu G Y, Yang W H, Song Q H, et al. Reprogrammable meta-hologram for optical encryption[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1): 5484. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19312-9 [111] Georgi P, Wei Q S, Sain B, et al. Optical secret sharing with cascaded metasurface holography[J]. Sci Adv, 2021, 7(16): eabf9718. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9718 [112] Wei Q S, Huang L L, Zhao R Z, et al. Rotational multiplexing method based on cascaded metasurface holography[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10(8): 2102166. doi: 10.1002/adom.202102166 [113] Zhang X H, Pu M B, Guo Y H, et al. Colorful metahologram with independently controlled images in transmission and reflection spaces[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29(22): 1809145. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201809145 [114] Zheng G X, Zhou N, Deng L G, et al. Full-space metasurface holograms in the visible range[J]. Opt Express, 2021, 29(2): 2920−2930. doi: 10.1364/OE.417202 [115] Zhao R Z, Geng G Z, Wei Q S, et al. Controllable polarization and diffraction modulated multi-functionality based on metasurface[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10(8): 2102596. doi: 10.1002/adom.202102596 [116] Li X, Zhang X, Zhao R Z, et al. Independent light field manipulation in diffraction orders of metasurface holography[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2022, 16(8): 2100592. doi: 10.1002/LPOR.202100592 [117] Kim I, Kim W S, Kim K, et al. Holographic metasurface gas sensors for instantaneous visual alarms[J]. Sci Adv, 2021, 7(15): eabe9943. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9943 [118] Li X, Zhao R Z, Wei Q S, et al. Code division multiplexing inspired dynamic metasurface holography[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31(35): 2103326. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202103326 [119] Wan W P, Yang W H, Feng H, et al. Multiplexing vectorial holographic images with arbitrary metaholograms[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2021, 9(20): 2100626. doi: 10.1002/adom.202100626 [120] Ding F, Deshpande R, Bozhevolnyi S I. Bifunctional gap-plasmon metasurfaces for visible light: polarization-controlled unidirectional surface plasmon excitation and beam steering at normal incidence[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2018, 7(4): 17178. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2017.178 [121] Sun S L, He Q, Xiao S Y, et al. Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves[J]. Nat Mater, 2012, 11(5): 426−431. doi: 10.1038/nmat3292 [122] Huang Z Q, Marks D L, Smith D R. Polarization-selective waveguide holography in the visible spectrum[J]. Opt Express, 2019, 27(24): 35631−35645. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.035631 [123] Huang Z Q, Marks D L, Smith D R. Out-of-plane computer-generated multicolor waveguide holography[J]. Optica, 2019, 6(2): 119−124. doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.6.000119 [124] Ha Y L, Guo Y H, Pu M B, et al. Monolithic-integrated multiplexed devices based on metasurface-driven guided waves[J]. Adv Theory Simul, 2021, 4(2): 2000239. doi: 10.1002/adts.202000239 [125] Shi Y Y, Wan C W, Dai C J, et al. Augmented reality enabled by on-chip meta-holography multiplexing[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2022, 16(6): 2100638. doi: 10.1002/lpor.202100638 [126] Zhang M, Pu M B, Zhang F, et al. Plasmonic metasurfaces for switchable photonic spin-orbit interactions based on phase change materials[J]. Adv Sci, 2018, 5(10): 1800835. doi: 10.1002/advs.201800835 [127] Zhou H Q, Wang Y T, Li X W, et al. Switchable active phase modulation and holography encryption based on hybrid metasurfaces[J]. Nanophotonics, 2020, 9(4): 905−912. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2019-0519 [128] Choi C, Mun S E, Sung J, et al. Hybrid state engineering of phase-change metasurface for all-optical cryptography[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31(4): 2007210. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202007210 [129] Tripathi A, John J, Kruk S, et al. Tunable Mie-resonant dielectric metasurfaces based on VO2 phase-transition materials[J]. ACS Photonics, 2021, 8(4): 1206−1213. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00124 [130] Liu X B, Wang Q, Zhang X Q, et al. Thermally dependent dynamic meta-holography using a vanadium dioxide integrated metasurface[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2019, 7(12): 1900175. doi: 10.1002/adom.201900175 [131] Yang J K, Jeong H S. Switchable metasurface with VO2 thin film at visible light by changing temperature[J]. Photonics, 2021, 8(2): 57. doi: 10.3390/photonics8020057 [132] Li J X, Kamin S, Zheng G X, et al. Addressable metasurfaces for dynamic holography and optical information encryption[J]. Sci Adv, 2018, 4(6): eaar6768. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar6768 [133] Li T Y, Wei Q S, Reineke B, et al. Reconfigurable metasurface hologram by utilizing addressable dynamic pixels[J]. Opt Express, 2019, 27(15): 21153−21162. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.021153 [134] Li J X, Chen Y Q, Hu Y Q, et al. Magnesium-based metasurfaces for dual-function switching between dynamic holography and dynamic color display[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(7): 7892−7898. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01469 [135] Malek S C, Ee H S, Agarwal R. Strain multiplexed metasurface holograms on a stretchable substrate[J]. Nano Lett, 2017, 17(6): 3641−3645. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00807 [136] Kim I, Ansari M A, Mehmood M Q, et al. Stimuli-responsive dynamic metaholographic displays with designer liquid crystal modulators[J]. Adv Mater, 2020, 32(50): 2004664. doi: 10.1002/adma.202004664 [137] Xu Q, Su X Q, Zhang X Q, et al. Mechanically reprogrammable Pancharatnam–Berry metasurface for microwaves[J]. Adv Photonics, 2022, 4(1): 016002. doi: 10.1117/1.AP.4.1.016002 [138] Xiong B, Xu Y H, Wang J N, et al. Realizing colorful holographic mimicry by metasurfaces[J]. Adv Mater, 2021, 33(21): 2005864. doi: 10.1002/adma.202005864 [139] Cai H G, Dolan J A, Gordon G S D, et al. Polarization-insensitive medium-switchable holographic metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2021, 8(9): 2581−2589. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00836 [140] Yang R, Wan S, Shi Y Y, et al. Immersive tuning the guided waves for multifunctional on-chip metaoptics[J]. Laser Photonics Rev, 2022, 16(8): 2200127. doi: 10.1002/LPOR.202200127 [141] Badloe T, Lee J, Seong J, et al. Tunable metasurfaces: the path to fully active nanophotonics[J]. Adv Photonics Res, 2021, 2(9): 2000205. doi: 10.1002/adpr.202000205 [142] Hu Y Q, Ou X N, Zeng T B, et al. Electrically tunable multifunctional polarization-dependent metasurfaces integrated with liquid crystals in the visible region[J]. Nano Lett, 2021, 21(11): 4554−4562. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00104 [143] Li J X, Yu P, Zhang S, et al. Electrically-controlled digital metasurface device for light projection displays[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1): 3574. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17390-3 [144] Yu P, Li J X, Liu N. Electrically tunable optical metasurfaces for dynamic polarization conversion[J]. Nano Lett, 2021, 21(15): 6690−6695. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02318 [145] Kaissner R, Li J X, Lu W Z, et al. Electrochemically controlled metasurfaces with high-contrast switching at visible frequencies[J]. Sci Adv, 2021, 7(19): eabd9450. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9450 [146] Li L L, Jun Cui T, Ji W, et al. Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding-metasurface holograms[J]. Nat Commun, 2017, 8(1): 197. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00164-9 [147] Venkatesh S, Lu X Y, Saeidi H, et al. A high-speed programmable and scalable terahertz holographic metasurface based on tiled CMOS chips[J]. Nat Electron, 2020, 3(12): 785−793. doi: 10.1038/s41928-020-00497-2 [148] Li X P, Ren H R, Chen X, et al. Athermally photoreduced graphene oxides for three-dimensional holographic images[J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 6984. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7984 [149] Wang Z P, Jiang L, Li X W, et al. Thermally reconfigurable hologram fabricated by spatially modulated femtosecond pulses on a heat-shrinkable shape memory polymer for holographic multiplexing[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13(43): 51736−51745. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c15012 [150] Hsu W L, Chen Y C, Yeh S P, et al. Review of metasurfaces and metadevices: advantages of different materials and fabrications[J]. Nanomaterials (Basel), 2022, 12(12): 1973. doi: 10.3390/nano12121973 [151] Arbabi A, Arbabi E, Kamali S M, et al. Miniature optical planar camera based on a wide-angle metasurface doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations[J]. Nat Commun, 2016, 7: 13682. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13682 [152] Zhou Y, Kravchenko I I, Wang H, et al. Multilayer noninteracting dielectric metasurfaces for multiwavelength metaoptics[J]. Nano Lett, 2018, 18(12): 7529−7537. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03017 [153] Groever B, Chen W T, Capasso F. Meta-lens doublet in the visible region[J]. Nano Lett, 2017, 17(8): 4902−4907. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01888 [154] Hong Y, Zhao D, Wang J Y, et al. Solvent-free nanofabrication based on ice-assisted electron-beam lithography[J]. Nano Lett, 2020, 20(12): 8841−8846. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03809 [155] Chen Y Q, Xiang Q, Li Z Q, et al. “Sketch and peel” lithography for high-resolution multiscale patterning[J]. Nano Lett, 2016, 16(5): 3253−3259. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00788 [156] Chen Y Q, Bi K X, Wang Q J, et al. Rapid focused ion beam milling based fabrication of plasmonic nanoparticles and assemblies via “sketch and peel” strategy[J]. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(12): 11228−11236. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06290 [157] She A L, Zhang S Y, Shian S, et al. Large area metalenses: design, characterization, and mass manufacturing[J]. Opt Express, 2018, 26(2): 1573−1585. doi: 10.1364/OE.26.001573 [158] Luo J, Zeng B, Wang C T, et al. Fabrication of anisotropically arrayed Nano-slots metasurfaces using reflective plasmonic lithography[J]. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(44): 18805−18812. doi: 10.1039/C5NR05153C [159] Liu L Q, Zhang X H, Zhao Z Y, et al. Batch fabrication of metasurface holograms enabled by plasmonic cavity lithography[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2017, 5(21): 1700429. doi: 10.1002/adom.201700429 [160] Pu M B, Guo Y H, Li X, et al. Revisitation of extraordinary young’s interference: from catenary optical fields to spin–orbit interaction in metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2018, 5(8): 3198−3204. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00437 [161] Oh D K, Lee T, Ko B, et al. Nanoimprint lithography for high-throughput fabrication of metasurfaces[J]. Front Optoelectron, 2021, 14(2): 229−251. doi: 10.1007/s12200-021-1121-8 [162] Atighilorestani M, Jiang H, Kaminska B. Electrochromic-polymer-based switchable plasmonic color devices using surface-relief nanostructure pixels[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2018, 6(23): 1801179. doi: 10.1002/adom.201801179 [163] Lee G Y, Hong J Y, Hwang S, et al. Metasurface eyepiece for augmented reality[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1): 4562. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07011-5 [164] Makarov S V, Milichko V, Ushakova E V, et al. Multifold emission enhancement in nanoimprinted hybrid perovskite metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(4): 728−735. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00940 [165] Faniayeu I, Mizeikis V. Realization of a helix-based perfect absorber for IR spectral range using the direct laser write technique[J]. Opt Mater Express, 2017, 7(5): 1453−1462. doi: 10.1364/OME.7.001453 [166] Balli F, Sultan M, Lami S K, et al. A hybrid achromatic metalens[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1): 3892. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17646-y [167] 曹良才, 何泽浩, 刘珂瑄, 等. 元宇宙中的动态全息三维显示: 发展与挑战(特邀)[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2022, 51(1): 20210935. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210935 Cao L C, He Z H, Liu K X, et al. Progress and challenges in dynamic holographic 3D display for the metaverse (Invited)[J]. Infrared Laser Eng, 2022, 51(1): 20210935. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210935 [168] Zhang C L, Zhang D F, Bian Z P. Dynamic full-color digital holographic 3D display on single DMD[J]. Opto-Electron Adv, 2021, 4(3): 200049. doi: 10.29026/oea.2021.200049 [169] Zheng P X, Li J X, Li Z L, et al. Compressive imaging encryption with secret sharing metasurfaces[J]. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10(15): 2200257. doi: 10.1002/adom.202200257 [170] 玛地娜, 李智, 程化, 等. 超表面多维光场调控及基于机器学习的优化[J]. 科学通报, 2020, 65(18): 1824−1844. doi: 10.1360/TB-2020-0023 Ma D N, Li Z, Cheng H, et al. Multi-dimensional manipulation of optical field withmetasurfaces and its optimization based on machine learning[J]. Chin Sci Bull, 2020, 65(18): 1824−1844. doi: 10.1360/TB-2020-0023 [171] Shi L, Li B C, Kim C, et al. Towards real-time photorealistic 3D holography with deep neural networks[J]. Nature, 2021, 591(7849): 234−239. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03152-0 [172] Shi Z J, Zhu A Y, Li Z Y, et al. Continuous angle-tunable birefringence with freeform metasurfaces for arbitrary polarization conversion[J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6(23): eaba3367. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3367 -
Overview
As an ideal 3D display technology, holography can reconstruct the wavefront of the whole light wave, and can provide all the 3D depth cues required by the human eyes, including binocular parallax, motion parallax, accommodation, occlusion, etc. Due to the limitation of the modulation principle, DMD and most SLM cannot optically reconstruct the complex amplitude of a wavefield, resulting in partial information loss and complex wavefront calculation. At the same time, the two devices have a pixel size larger than 6 μm, which is much larger than the wavelength of visible light. The limitation of large pixel size and modulation principle brings many disadvantages, such as narrow field of view, twin-image, narrow band, and multi-order diffraction, which greatly restrict the development of CGH. As a new class of light field modulators, metasurface can control the amplitude, phase, polarization and dispersion of the light simultaneously by optimizing the design and arrangement of the elements. Thanks to the previous exploration of micro-nano manufacturing technology and materials for metasurface, the size of the unit cell can be reduced to the order of sub-wavelength. According to the grating equation, the smaller the pixel size is, the larger the diffraction angle is. Therefore, metasurface can provide a diffraction angle close to 90°. As the loading medium of holograms, metasurface meets the requirements of holograms for high-precision and complex light field modulation and has the advantages of high design freedom, high spatial resolution, low noise, broadband and so on, providing a solution to some problems currently faced by CGH. In this paper, the basic process of designing meta-holography devices is discussed. Furthermore, the basic concepts and development of static meta-holography are introduced based on the principles of metasurfaces, including phase modulation, amplitude modulation, complex-amplitude modulation, and nonlinear modulation. However, such static meta-holography devices cannot change the display patterns after design and manufacture, which is inconsistent with the rapidly changing real world and requirements of diverse functions, limiting its applications. Therefore, the two methods of realizing dynamic meta-holography are introduced in detail. Finally, the micro-nano fabrication technologies for metasurface are discussed. In conclusion, this paper presents the design, principle, development, and manufacturing implementation of meta-holographic devices in an all-around way, and puts forward problems and possible solutions for the development of meta-holography at present.
-
Access History
Figures(13)
Tables(4)
Article Metrics
Export File
Citation
Xu K, Wang X E, Fan X H, et al. Meta-holography: from concept to realization[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2022, 49(10): 220183. doi: 10.12086/oee.2022.220183
Format
Content
DownLoad:
-
Figure 1.
Design strategies for CGH devices based on metasurface. (a) Brief design strategy of meta-holographic devices; (b) Design process of holographic devices using metasurface based on geometric phase as an example
-
Figure 2.
Static meta-holography. (a) PB phase-modulated 3D on-axis transmission holograms based on gold nanoantennas[32]; (b) Two amplitude-modulated holograms of photon sieves with set relation[40]; (c) Complex amplitude modulation is achieved by adjusting the orientation angle and geometric parameters of the cell structure, and the holographic images at the wavelengths of 1.65 μm and 0.94 μm are reconstructed respectively[42]; (d) THG nonlinear modulated cyan and blue holograms based on C-shaped Si nanoantennas[43]
-
Figure 3.
Schematic of meta-holography. (a) Static meta-holography; (b) Multiplexed meta-holography, which means dynamic display can be realized by controlling the fundamental properties of incident light; (c) Active meta-holography, which means metasurface itself can be changed in response to optical, electrical, thermal, or chemical stimuli
- Figure 4a.
-
Figure 4.
Different methods for wavelength-multiplexed meta-holography to realize color holography. (a) Spatially staggered arrangement[64]; (b) Multilayer design and adjusted GS algorithm[68]; (c) Dispersion phase-based metasurface[70]; (d) Combined with angle multiplexing technology[73]
-
Figure 5.
Angle multiplexed and polarization multiplexed meta-holography. (a) Angle-multiplexed meta-holography, which can display different images at 0° and 30° incident angles, respectively[77]; (b) Combined with nanoprinting and four different images can be projected[80]; (c) Combine the propagation phase with the geometric phase to realize the multiplexing of LCP and RCP[86]; (d) Simultaneously record a continuous grayscale nanoprinting image in the near field and project two independent holographic images in the far field[87]; (e) Three-dimensional vectorial holography with a large field of view (94°) and high diffraction efficiency (78%) based on machine learning inverse design[92]
-
Figure 6.
OAM multiplexed, space channel multiplexed and nonreciprocal meta-holography. (a) OAM-multiplexed meta-holography with discrete spatial frequency distribution[98]; (b) Dielectric multi-momentum meta-transformer in the visible[100], scale bar: 20 μm; (c) Space channel multiplexed metasurface, which can realize dynamic holographic video display in a way similar to cinematography[101]; (d) Space channel multiplexed metasurface, which can realize cinematography-inspired dynamic holographic display and display 228 different frames with structured laser beam[102]; (e) Space channel selecting metasurface realized by a template[104]; (f) Nonreciprocal meta-holographic device[108]
-
Figure 7.
Diffracted light field multiplexed meta-holography. (a) Diffracted light field multiplexed meta-holography, which can realize dynamic display by changing the incident light field with spatial light modulators[110]; (b) Cascaded metasurface, which can display different holographic images in the mood of single-layer or multi-layer[111]; (c) Use the in-plane rotation between two cascaded metasurface to introduce the concept of the rotational multiplexing method and display different images[112]
-
Figure 8.
Applications based on multiplexed meta-holography. (a) A polarization-multiplexed holographic device for gas sensing by combining liquid crystal materials and the circular polarization of incident light can be switched under different gas concentrations which leads to holographic image switching between two images[117]; (b) Code division multiplexed metasurface[118]; (c) A vectorial holographic device can control the phase information of the holographic image plane to hide or display image information under specific input and output conditions[119]
-
Figure 9.
Active meta-holography. (a) Switchable spin Hall effect, vortex beam generation and holography based on GST phase transition properties[126]; (b) Dynamic metasurface holography based on Mg hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties[132]; (c) Dynamic switching display of holographic image based on stretchable PDMS substrate[135]
-
Figure 10.
Active meta-holography. (a) Switchable meta-holographic device based on environmentally sensitive MIM structures[138], scale bar: 40 μm; (b) Electronically controlled digital metasurface for optical projection display[143]; (c) Refractive index modulation by femtosecond laser pulse reduction of to achieve wide-FOV 3D holograms[148]
-
Figure 11.
Micro-nano fabrication technologies for optical metasurfaces (a) Electron beam lithography; (b) Focused ion beam; (c) Photolithography; (d) Plasmonic cavity lithography; (e) Nanoimprint lithography; (f) Two-photon polymerization laser direct writing
- Figure .
