E-mail Alert
RSS
| Citation: |
Zhou J, Zhou Y, Ni X Y, et al. Research progress and applications of polarization integrated infrared photodetector[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(5): 230010. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.230010
|
Research progress and applications of polarization integrated infrared photodetector
-
Abstract
Polarization integrated detector has the advantages of small size, light weight, compact structure, and no need for image registration to detect and recognize the dynamic targets simultaneously at the same place. This article mainly introduces the research progress and applications of polarization integrated infrared detector. We analyse the key technologies for obtaining high extinction ratio polarization integrated detectors, such as grating structure design and simulation, submicron polarization grating preparation, integration and testing, polarization image data reconstruction, etc. Finally, we introduce the typical applications of polarization imaging in unmanned aerial vehicles, camouflaged trucks, landmines, sea vessels, facial recognition, road recognition, sea oil leakage detection, medical detection, etc. -
-
References
[1] Rust D M, Thompson K E. An integrated imaging detector of polarization and spectral content[J]. Remote Sens Rev, 1994, 8(1–3): 215−225. doi: 10.1080/02757259309532197 [2] 王霞, 苏子航, 赵家碧, 等. 基于交织序列的偏振方向映射方法[J]. 应用光学, 2021, 42(5): 877−883. doi: 10.5768/JAO202142.0503001 Wang X, Su Z H, Zhao J B, et al. Sequence-interleaving mapping method for direction of polarization[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2021, 42(5): 877−883. doi: 10.5768/JAO202142.0503001 [3] Andreou A G, Kalayjian Z K. Polarization imaging: principles and integrated polarimeters[J]. IEEE Sens J, 2002, 2(6): 566−576. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2003.807946 [4] Chen C J, Choi K K, Rokhinson L, et al. Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors for polarization detection[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 1999, 74(6): 862−864. doi: 10.1063/1.123391 [5] Apalkov V, Ariyawansa G, Perera A G U, et al. Wasilewski. Polarization sensitivity of quantum well infrared photodetector coupled to a metallic diffraction grid[J]. IEEE J Quantum Electron, 2010, 46(6): 877−883. doi: 10.1109/JQE.2010.2040461 [6] Kim J O, Yoon S, Kang B, et al. Linear polarization detection of Type II InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared photodetectors[C]//Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2015, Hong Kong, China, 2015: ASu5A. 5. https://doi.org/10.1364/ACPC.2015.ASu5A.5. [7] Li Q, Li Z F, Li N, et al. High-polarization-discriminating infrared detection using a single quantum well sandwiched in plasmonic micro-cavity[J]. Sci Rep, 2014, 4(1): 6332. doi: 10.1038/srep06332 [8] Ogawa S, Masuda K, Takagawa Y, et al. Polarization-selective uncooled infrared sensor with asymmetric two-dimensional plasmonic absorber[J]. Opt Eng, 2014, 53(10): 107110. doi: 10.1117/1.OE.53.10.107110 [9] Yang J K, Seo M K, Hwang I K, et al. Polarization-selective resonant photonic crystal photodetector[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2008, 93(21): 211103. doi: 10.1063/1.3036954 [10] Li W, Coppens Z J, Besteiro L V, et al. Circularly polarized light detection with hot electrons in chiral plasmonic metamaterials[J]. Nature Commun, 2015, 6(1): 8379. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9379 [11] Li Z C, Liu W W, Cheng H, et al. Realizing broadband and invertible linear-to-circular polarization converter with ultrathin single-layer metasurface[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 5(1): 18106. doi: 10.1038/srep18106 [12] Bai J, Wang C, Chen X H, et al. Chip-integrated plasmonic flat optics for mid-infrared full-Stokes polarization detection[J]. Photonics Res, 2019, 7(9): 1051−1060. doi: 10.1364/PRJ.7.001051 [13] Basiri A, Chen X H, Bai J, et al. Nature-inspired chiral metasurfaces for circular polarization detection and full-Stokes polarimetric measurements[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2019, 8(1): 78. doi: 10.1038/s41377-019-0184-4 [14] Bai J, Wang C, Chen X H, et al. Chip-integrated plasmonic flat optics for mid-infrared polarization detection[C]//Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2018, San Jose, 2018: JW2A. 19. [15] Wei J X, Xu C, Dong B W, et al. Mid-infrared semimetal polarization detectors with configurable polarity transition[J]. Nat Photonics, 2021, 15(8): 614−621. doi: 10.1038/s41566-021-00819-6 [16] Wei J X, Chen Y, Li Y, et al. Geometric filterless photodetectors for mid-infrared spin light[J]. Nat Photonics, 2023, 17(2): 171−178. doi: 10.1038/s41566-022-01115-7 [17] Wang R, Li T, Shao X M, et al. Subwavelength gold grating as polarizers integrated with InP-based InGaAs sensors[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7(26): 14471−14476. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b03679 [18] Feng B, Chen Y F, Sun D, et al. Precision integration of grating-based polarizers onto focal plane arrays of near-infrared photovoltaic detectors for enhanced contrast polarimetric imaging[J]. Int J Extreme Manuf, 2021, 3(3): 035201. doi: 10.1088/2631-7990/abf5c8 [19] Sun D, Li T, Yang B, et al. Research on polarization performance of InGaAs focal plane array integrated with superpixel-structured subwavelength grating[J]. Opt Express, 2019, 27(7): 9447−9458. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.009447 [20] Hubbs J E, Gramer M M, Maestas-Jepson D, et al. Measurement of the radiometric and polarization characteristics of a microgrid polarizer infrared focal plane array[J]. Proc SPIE, 2006, 6295: 62950C. doi: 10.1117/12.685468 [21] Cruz-Cabrera A A, Kemme S A, Wendt J R, et al. Edge termination effects on finite aperture polarizers for polarimetric imaging applications at mid-wave IR[J]. Proc SPIE, 2006, 6126: 61260K. doi: 10.1117/12.644310 [22] Forrai D P, Endres D W, Devitt J W, et al. Development of a MWIR polarimetric FPA[J]. Proc SPIE, 2007, 6660: 666007. doi: 10.1117/12.737777 [23] Malone N R, Hampp A, Gordon E E, et al. Detection comparisons between LWIR and MWIR polarimetric sensors[J]. Proc SPIE, 2008, 6972: 69720P. doi: 10.1117/12.779259 [24] Gruev V, Perkins R, York T. CCD polarization imaging sensor with aluminum nanowire optical filters[J]. Opt Express, 2010, 18(18): 19087−19094. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.019087 [25] POWELL S B, GRUEV V. Calibration methods for division-of-focal-plane polarimeters[J]. Opt Express, 2013, 21(18): 21039−21055. doi: 10.1364/OE.21.021039 [26] Baker G, Wilson M, Coulter P. Development and results of NIR polarization camera[J]. Proc SPIE, 2007, 6567: 65671L. doi: 10.1117/12.720746 [27] 赵永强, 李宁, 张鹏, 等. 红外偏振感知与智能处理[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2018, 47(11): 1102001. doi: 10.3788/IRLA201847.1102001 Zhao Y Q, Li N, Zhang P, et al. Infrared polarization perception and intelligent processing[J]. Infrared Laser Eng, 2018, 47(11): 1102001. doi: 10.3788/IRLA201847.1102001 [28] Zhang J C, Luo H B, Liang R G, et al. Sparse representation-based demosaicing method for microgrid polarimeter imagery[J]. Opt Lett, 2018, 43(14): 3265−3268. doi: 10.1364/OL.43.003265 [29] 罗海波, 张俊超, 盖兴琴, 等. 偏振成像技术的发展现状与展望(特邀)[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2022, 51(1): 20210987. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210987 Luo H B, Zhang J C, Gai X Q, et al. Development status and prospects of polarization imaging technology (Invited)[J]. Infrared Laser Eng, 2022, 51(1): 20210987. doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210987 [30] Zhou Y W, Li Z F, Zhou J, et al. High extinction ratio super pixel for long wavelength infrared polarization imaging detection based on plasmonic microcavity quantum well infrared photodetectors[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 15070. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33432-9 [31] Rebhan D, Rosenberger M, Notni G. Principle investigations on polarization image sensors[J]. Proc SPIE, 2019, 11144: 111440A. doi: 10.1117/12.25335903 [32] 林国画, 张敏, 孟令伟, 等. 集成式偏振红外焦平面探测器的制备[J]. 激光与红外, 2019, 49(10): 1234−1238. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2019.10.015 Lin G H, Zhang M, Meng L W, et al. Polarizer fabricated onto infrared focal detector[J]. Laser Infrared, 2019, 49(10): 1234−1238. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5078.2019.10.015 [33] Xue F D, Jin W Q, Qiu S, et al. Airborne optical polarization imaging for observation of submarine Kelvin wakes on the sea surface: imaging chain and simulation[J]. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens, 2021, 178: 136−154. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.06.001 [34] 褚金奎, 张然, 王志文, 等. 仿生偏振光导航传感器研究进展[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61(23): 2568−2577. doi: 10.1360/N972015-01163 Chu J K, Zhang R, Wang Z W, et al. Progress on bio-inspired polarized skylight navigation sensor[J]. Chin Sci Bull, 2016, 61(23): 2568−2577. doi: 10.1360/N972015-01163 [35] Li J S, Chu J K, Zhang R, et al. Bio-inspired attitude measurement method using a polarization skylight and a gravitational field[J]. Appl Opt, 2020, 59(9): 2955−2962. doi: 10.1364/AO.387770 [36] Wan M J, Gu G H, Qian W X, et al. Stokes-vector-based polarimetric imaging system for adaptive target/background contrast enhancement[J]. Appl Opt, 2016, 55(21): 5513−5519. doi: 10.1364/AO.55.005513 [37] Zhou X J, Gu G H, Ren K, et al. Single-incidence polarimetry for optical characteristics[J]. Optik, 2019, 188: 308−315. doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.05.038 [38] Li J Y, Bao L, Jiang S, et al. Inverse design of multifunctional plasmonic metamaterial absorbers for infrared polarimetric imaging[J]. Opt Express, 2019, 27(6): 8375−8386. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.008375 [39] Zhou J, Zhou Y, Shi Y, et al. A compact polarization-integrated long wavelength infrared focal plane array based on InAs/GaSb superlattice[J]. Sci China Inf Sci, 2022, 65(2): 122407. doi: 10.1007/s11432-021-3252-2 [40] Zhou J, Zhou Y, Shi Y, et al. The light crosstalk suppression between adjacent pixels in polarization-integrated infrared detectors[J]. Proc SPIE, 2020, 11427: 1142738. doi: 10.1117/12.2552973 [41] Zhou J, Zhou Y, Wang F F, et al. Design and analysis high extinction ratio monolithic polarization-integrated super pixel long wavelength infrared detectors[J]. Proc SPIE, 2021, 11763: 117638G. doi: 10.1117/12.2587591 [42] Pors A, Nielsen M G, Bozhevolnyi S I. Plasmonic metagratings for simultaneous determination of Stokes parameters[J]. Optica, 2015, 2(8): 716−723. doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000716 [43] Ahmed A, Zhao X J, Gruev V, et al. Residual interpolation for division of focal plane polarization image sensors[J]. Opt Express, 2017, 25(9): 10651−10662. doi: 10.1364/OE.25.010651 [44] Yang Z Y, Wang Z K, Wang Y X, et al. Generalized Hartmann-Shack array of dielectric metalens sub-arrays for polarimetric beam profiling[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1): 4607. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07056-6 [45] Rubin N A, D’Aversa G, Chevalier P, et al. Matrix Fourier optics enables a compact full-Stokes polarization camera[J]. Science, 2019, 365(6448): eaax1839. doi: 10.1126/science.aax1839 [46] Tyo J S, Ratliff B M, Alenin A S. Adapting the HSV polarization-color mapping for regions with low irradiance and high polarization[J]. Opt Letters, 2016, 41(20): 4759−4762. doi: 10.1364/OL.41.004759 [47] Li J X, Hung Y C, Kulce O, et al. Polarization multiplexed diffractive computing: all-optical implementation of a group of linear transformations through a polarization-encoded diffractive network[J]. Light Sci Appl, 2022, 11(1): 153. [48] Short N, Hu S W, Gurram P, et al. Improving cross-modal face recognition using polarimetric imaging[J]. Opt Lett, 2015, 40(6): 882−885. doi: 10.1364/OL.40.000882 [49] Gurton K P, Yuffa A J, Videen G. LWIR polarimetry for enhanced facial recognition in thermal imagery[J]. Proc SPIE, 2014, 9099: 90990G. doi: 10.1117/12.2049700 [50] Li N, Zhao Y Q, Pan Q, et al. Full-time monocular road detection using zero-distribution prior of angle of polarization[C]//European Conference on Computer Vision, Glasgow, 2020: 457–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58595-2_28. [51] Li N, Zhao Y Q, Pan Q, et al. Illumination-invariant road detection and tracking using LWIR polarization characteristics[J]. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens, 2021, 180: 357−369. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.08.022 [52] Zhang B, Perrie W, Li X F, et al. Mapping sea surface oil slicks using RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization SAR image[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2011, 38(10): L10602. doi: 10.1029/2011GL047013 [53] Nunziata F, Gambardella A, Migliaccio M. On the degree of polarization for SAR sea oil slick observation[J]. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens, 2013, 78: 41−49. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.12.007 [54] Anderson R R. Polarized light examination and photography of the skin[J]. Arch Dermatol, 1991, 127(7): 1000−1005. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1991.01680060074007 [55] Jacques S L, Ramella-Roman J C, Lee K. Imaging skin pathology with polarized light[J]. J Biomed Opt, 2002, 7(3): 329−340. doi: 10.1117/1.1484498 [56] Salomatina-Motts E, Neel V A, Yaroslavskaya A N. Multimodal polarization system for imaging skin cancer[J]. Opt Spectrosc, 2009, 107(6): 884−890. doi: 10.1134/S0030400X0912008X [57] Ratliff B M, LeMaster D A, Mack R T, et al. Detection and tracking of RC model aircraft in LWIR microgrid polarimeter data[J]. Proc SPIE, 2011, 8160: 816002. doi: 10.1117/12.894669 [58] Tyo J S, Goldstein D L, Chenault D B, et al. Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications[J]. Appl Opt, 2006, 45(22): 5453−5469. doi: 10.1364/AO.45.005453 [59] 王霞, 夏润秋, 金伟其, 等. 红外偏振成像探测技术进展[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(10): 3175−3182. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2276.2014.10.001 Wang X, Xia R Q, Jin W Q, et al. Technology progress of infrared polarization imaging detection[J]. Infrared Laser Eng, 2014, 43(10): 3175−3182. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2276.2014.10.001 [60] Li N, Zhao Y Q, Wu R Y, et al. Polarization-guided road detection network for LWIR division-of-focal-plane camera[J]. Opt Lett, 2021, 46(22): 5679−5682. doi: 10.1364/OL.441817 [61] Tong S W, Liu X G, Chen Q H, et al. Multi-feature based ocean oil spill detection for polarimetric sar data using random forest and the self-similarity parameter[J]. Remote Sens, 2019, 11(4): 451. doi: 10.3390/rs11040451 [62] Song D M, Zhen Z J, Wang B, et al. A novel marine oil spillage identification scheme based on convolution neural network feature extraction from fully polarimetric SAR imagery[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 59801−59820. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2979219 [63] Patel R, Khan A, Quinlan R, et al. Polarization-sensitive multimodal imaging for detecting breast cancer[J]. Cancer Res, 2014, 74(17): 4685−4693. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2411 -
Overview
As one of the important platforms of the fourth generation new photoelectric imaging technology, the polarization integrated detector can simultaneously obtain multi-dimensional information such as the intensity and polarization of infrared radiation, and has the advantages of small size and high reliability. It is the development direction of the future infrared polarization imaging system. We first introduce the concept and research progress of the polarization integrated detectors, from the earliest regional polarization integrated detectors to pixel level polarization integrated detectors, and from the linear polarization integrated detectors to the focal planar array polarization integrated detectors. The second part mainly introduces the key technologies of the polarization integrated detector, mainly including the integrated structure design and the influence of related parameters on device performance, the method of the submicron polarization grating structure integration process, and the performance testing system. The third part mainly introduces the pseudo color image reconstruction method of the polarization integrated detector imaging and its application to typical targets in complex scenes. The last part introduces the new progress of the long-wave infrared polarization focal plane of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics.
Infrared polarization imaging shows great advantages based on the application requirements in some scenarios, but it also faces the huge challenge of reducing the signal-to-noise ratio and the spatial resolution caused by halving the received radiation energy. It needs to make continuous efforts to break through the existing technical bottlenecks in both hardware and software. In terms of the performance of polarization integrated devices, it is necessary to continue to improve the extinction ratio of the polarization integrated detector by cooperating with the metasurface structure to control the light field. In the aspect of image reconstruction and fusion, it is necessary to clarify the polarization characteristics of the target and background and the transmission characteristics of polarization through the polarization coding algorithm, and reflect its important value of significantly improving the signal-to-background ratio in the imaging detection of typical targets in relevant application scenarios.
-
Access History
Export File
Citation
Zhou J, Zhou Y, Ni X Y, et al. Research progress and applications of polarization integrated infrared photodetector[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(5): 230010. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.230010
Format
Content
DownLoad:
-
Figure 1.
Basic concept and connotation of polarization integrated detector imaging
-
Figure 2.
(a) Schematic diagram of the quantum well infrared detector and polarization response test spectrum [5]; (b) Schematic diagram of the mid infrared structure of type II superlattice and polarization response spectrum [6]; (c) Optical field distribution diagram and SEM diagram of the integrated plasma microcavity quantum well infrared detector[7]; (d) Structural diagram and SEM diagram of the integrated non centrosymmetric uniform elliptical array uncooled infrared sensor[8]; (e) Schematic diagram and polarization selective enhanced spectrum of the InGaAsP quantum well photodetectors with the integrated non-uniform photonic crystal structure [9]
-
Figure 3.
(a) Schematic diagram of the circular polarization photodetector integrated with chiral materials and semiconductors [10]; (b) Schematic diagram of the linear polarization and circularly polarized light converting each other into super surface materials [11]; (c) Theoretical model of the MWIR polarization detector with monolithic integrated surface metamaterial [12-14]; (d) Symmetry design of the circular polarization structure; (e) Design of the T-shaped structural unit parameters; (f) The geometric design of the devices includes annular, semi annular, and L-shaped designs; (g) Devices achieve highly selective photoelectric response [15-16]
-
Figure 4.
(a) 1024 × 4 near-infrared InGaAs polarization detectors integrated into the subwavelength metal grating structures [17-19]; (b) 512 × 4 × 3 superlattice long wave infrared polarization integrated detector
-
Figure 5.
(a) Physical diagram and structural schematic diagram of the HgCdTe long wave infrared focal plane polarization integrated chip and the polarization extinction ratio test [20]; (b) 2 k × 2 k InSb medium wave infrared polarization integrated detection chip with a pixel center distance of 20 μm and micro area light field distribution; (c) Schematic diagram and extinction ratio test of the real-time focal plane CCD polarization imaging sensor directly integrated with the metal grating; (d) Structural diagram and extinction ratio test of the quantum well very long wave polarization integrated detector[30]
-
Figure 6.
Schematic diagram of the division of focal plane polarization sensor IMX250 MZR [31]
-
Figure 7.
Schematic of the polarization grating design and the relationship between the extinction ratio and the grating structural parameters (period, linewidth, height)
-
Figure 8.
Relationship between the extinction ratio (a) the light absorption (b) and the incident angle; (c) Extinction ratio and distance between the polarizer and photosensitizer; (d) Different distances (5 μm, 50 μm, 200 μm) light field distribution[39]
-
Figure 9.
The main process of preparing the submicron polarization gratings. (a) Lift-off method; (b) Etching method
-
Figure 10.
SEM images of the gratings with different polarization angles. (a) 0°, 60°, 120° polarization direction grating; (b) 0°, 45°, 90°, 135˚ polarization direction grating; (c) Grating polarization light transmittance without and with antireflection film; (d) Polarization extinction ratio of the grating [39]
-
Figure 11.
(a) Schematic diagram of the polarization integrated detector testing system[20]; (b) 512 × 4 × 3 InAs/GaSb superlattice long wave infrared polarization integrated focal plane chips and module; (c) Polarization extinction ratio test results of module [39]
-
Figure 12.
(a) Intensity imaging; (b) Degree of polarization imaging; (c) Angle of polarization imaging; (d) HSV pseudo color imaging; (e) Optimization algorithm HSV pseudo color imaging; (f) Optimal algorithm HSV pseudo color imaging[46]
-
Figure 13.
Comparison of the long wave infrared polarization imaging with the visible and infrared intensity imaging results for small remote control unmanned aerial vehicles [57]
-
Figure 14.
Comparison of the infrared polarization imaging and the infrared intensity imaging results between two trucks under tree shade [58]
-
Figure 15.
Comparison of the long wave infrared polarization imaging and infrared intensity imaging for landmines[59]
-
Figure 16.
Comparison of the long wave infrared polarization imaging and the infrared intensity imaging for the ship targets
-
Figure 17.
Comparison facial recognition of the traditional infrared thermal imaging and the polarization imaging
-
Figure 18.
Schematic diagram of the polarization recognition network. Polarization oriented branches and main branches are perceived and fused with the road area feature module, and fed back to the control head center for intelligent decision-making
-
Figure 19.
Comparison of the traditional infrared thermal imaging and the polarization imaging for detecting oil spills on the sea surface[53]
-
Figure 20.
Comparison of the traditional OCT imaging with the fluorescence polarization imaging and the polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging[63]
- Figure .
