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Wan Y Q, Liu W J, Lin R Y, et al. Research progress and applications of spectral imaging based on metasurfaces[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(8): 230139. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.230139
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Research progress and applications of spectral imaging based on metasurfaces
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Abstract
As a technology that combines spectral information with spatial information, spectral imaging has been widely concerned in scientific research and engineering applications. The optical field can be modulated efficiently by designing and optimizing the metasurfaces with subwavelength scale features. This article reviews the research progress of spectral imaging based on metasurfaces in recent years. Compared with traditional spectrometers, the compact spectrometers based on metasurfaces have the advantages of smaller volume and simpler optical path, and have greater application potential in small devices. According to different imaging mechanisms, spectral imaging based on metasurfaces can be divided into superdispersion, narrowband filter and broadband filter. The research progress of each imaging mechanism is introduced in detail, and then the application in practical scenarios is summarized. Finally, the development direction and application prospect of spectral imaging of metasurfaces are prospected.-
Keywords:
- spectral imaging /
- metasurface /
- filter
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References
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Overview
As the inherent characteristics of substances, spectra can be well used to identify the chemical composition of substances. Spectral imaging is a technology that combines spectral information with spatial information, having a wide range of applications in the fields of material analysis, food safety, medical diagnosis and biological imaging. However, traditional spectrometers are usually composed of prisms, gratings and other splitter devices. Limited by the diffraction effect, their spectral resolution is inversely proportional to the optical path. Therefore, they generally have the disadvantages of large size, high cost and complex optical path, and their application in compact devices is limited. Although there have been Fourier transform spectrometer, micro ring resonator and other research related to reducing spectrometer volume, they still have some problems, such as not being able to deal with very irregular spectral signals, spectral resolution is limited by manufacturing technology, , which cannot solve the problem that the spectrometer is difficult to compact.
The metasurface is a kind of large area nano-structured surface composed of subwavelength small units, characterized by strong plasticity, high flexibility, and easy integration. The optical properties of the metasurface are determined by its micro - nano structure. By designing and optimizing the resonance phase, transmission phase, and geometric phase, metasurfaces can be used to effectively modulate the optical parameters of light on the plane, such as amplitude, phase, and polarization. Due to the excellent electromagnetic properties exhibited by metasurfaces, they can achieve complex functions that are difficult to achieve in conventional refraction and diffraction optics. The spectral imaging technology based on metasurfaces is an emerging optical imaging technology, which can perform high resolution and high sensitivity spectral imaging within micro imaging systems, providing an opportunity for achieving compact spectrometers. In this paper, we firstly discuss the spectral imaging of metasurfaces based on superdispersion, narrowband filtering and broadband filtering. Narrowband filtering includes three filtering methods: transmission type, absorption type and reflection type filtering, while broadband filtering includes two key steps: obtaining randomly distributed spectral curves and using spectral reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct spectrum. Compared with traditional spectrometers, the spectral imaging of metasurfaces based on superdispersion can reduce the volume of optical components to a certain extent, but it is difficult to balance integration and resolution. Narrowband filtering can be used for snapshot spectral cameras, but it has low light utilization and high technological requirements. Broadband filtering has high light utilization and strong spectral resolution, but it relies on spectral reconstruction algorithms, so it requires high algorithm requirements.Then, the recent applications of the spectral imaging based on metasurfaces are introduced, such as biosensing, medical diagnostics, and face recognition. Finally, the development direction and application prospects of the spectral imaging based on metasurfaces are prospected.
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Wan Y Q, Liu W J, Lin R Y, et al. Research progress and applications of spectral imaging based on metasurfaces[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(8): 230139. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.230139
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Figure 1.
(a) Structural schematic diagram of symmetric and asymmetric deflectors[26]; (b) Experimental characterization setup and actual photography of anomalous reflection[27]
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Figure 2.
Off-axis meta-lens. (a) Schematic diagram showing the coordinates of the meta-lens, and the displacement of the focal line along the x′-axis (normal to the focal axis) as a function of wavelength[28]; (b) Compact spectrometer composed of meta-lens and CMOS camera[29]; (c) Experimental characterization of the aberration corrected meta-lens and the Berry phase lens[30]; (d) Schematic diagram of the relationship between spectral range, Spectral resolution and structural parameters[31]
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Figure 3.
(a) Schematic diagram of folded metasurface[35]; (b) Numerical simulation results of spectral reconstruction algorithm in SLIM system[36] ; (c) Schematic of an optical architecture for hyperspectral imaging system[37]; (d) Set up of the dispersion experiment and the splice diagram of experimental results[38]
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Figure 4.
Spectral imaging based on transmission-type metasurface. (a) Compact spectrometer composed of integrated filter array[44]; (b) Simulated transmission spectra of a group of filters with different nanopillar widths[46]; (c) Schematic diagram of a hypersurface snapshot spectral imager[47]; (d) Schematic diagram of generating process of the multispectral filter mosaic[4]; (e) Block diagram of target detection strategy for unknown source incident power[48]
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Figure 5.
Spectral imaging based on absorption-type metasurface. (a) 3D schematic of the multispectral metamaterial absorber[61]; (b) Schematic diagram of the hybrid plasmonic− pyroelectric detectors[63]; (c) Electric field distributions excited at resonant peaks[63]; (d) Schematic illustration of the multilayer metasurface absorber[65]
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Figure 6.
Spectral imaging based on reflection-type metasurface. (a) Schematic of the guided-mode resonance filter with gradient grating periods[7]; (b) Molecular fingerprint detection with pixelated dielectric metasurfaces[68]
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Figure 7.
(a) Micro-spectrometer based on photonic-crystal (PC) slabs[76]; (b) Comparison of reconstructed spectra of photonic crystal filters and novel filters[88]; (c) Design and fabrication diagram of nanocolumn[91]; (d) Schematic drawing of the metasurface-based multispectral and polarimetric detection[92]
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Figure 8.
Tuned metasurface. (a) Phase-change metasurface spectral modulator based on GSST[103]; (b) Cross-sectional view of the MIM structure[101]; (c) Reflection spectrum and electric field distribution of a-GST and c-GST as dielectric layers[101]; (d) Schematic representation of the electrically tunable color filter[105]; (e) Schematic of graphene metasurface modulator[106]
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Figure 9.
Spectral reconstruction algorithm. (a) Schematic diagram of spectral reconstruction system[82]; (b) Reconstruction results of broadband spectra[82]; (c) Narrow band spectral reconstruction results based on CS theory[81]; (d) Design framework for parametric constrained spectral encoders and decoders[83]; (e) Reconstruction results based on deep learning[113]
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Figure 10.
(a) Molecular fingerprint retrieval and spatial absorption mapping[68]; (b) Optical characterization of graphene using dielectric metasurface[66]; (c) Metasurface device diagram for mouse cerebral hemodynamic imaging[81]
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Figure 11.
(a) Spectral measurement results of a real face and other masks[79]; (b) Operation schematic of the crypto-display[117]; (c) Demonstration of NIR imaging through the object that is opaque at visible wavelengths[119]
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