Analysis of surface scattering characteristics of ultra-smooth optical components in gravitational wave detection system

Zhang Yunhao; Zhong Zheqiang; Zhang Bin

doi:10.12086/oee.2023.230222

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Zhang Y H, Zhong Z Q, Zhang B. Analysis of surface scattering characteristics of ultra-smooth optical components in gravitational wave detection system[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(11): 230222. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.230222

Citation:

Zhang Y H, Zhong Z Q, Zhang B. Analysis of surface scattering characteristics of ultra-smooth optical components in gravitational wave detection system[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2023, 50(11): 230222. doi: 10.12086/oee.2023.230222

Analysis of surface scattering characteristics of ultra-smooth optical components in gravitational wave detection system

College of Electronics Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China

Fund Project: Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2202203)

More Information

^*Corresponding author: zhangbinff@sohu.com

Received Date 05 September 2023

Revised Date 09 November 2023

Accepted Date 10 November 2023

Published Date 29 December 2023

Abstract

Abstract

In gravitational-wave detection systems, the surface scattering properties of ultra-smooth optical components play a crucial role in achieving high-precision gravitational-wave measurements. To analyze and predict the surface scattering properties of ultra-smooth optical components accurately and rapidly, a non-paraxial scalar scattering model, the Generalized Beckmann-Kirchhoff (GBK) model, was built up. On this basis, the influences of both the incident angle and the scattering azimuth angle on the angular resolved scattering distributions of both P-polarized and S-polarized incident light were investigated. Under different statistical distribution characteristics of optical surfaces, the effects of incident angle, azimuth angle, autocorrelation length, slope, cut-off frequency, and surface roughness on the scattering angle resolution distribution were analyzed. The research results can provide useful references for the manufacturing of ultra-smooth optical components and the generation and mitigation of stray light in gravitational-wave detection systems.
- ultra-smooth optical component /
- surface scattering model /
- polarization scattering property /
- angular resolved scattering distribution

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References

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Overview

Overview

In gravitational-wave detection systems, achieving a backscatter of space-borne telescopes below 10^-10 or even lower is crucial to meet the design requirements. The scattering of ultra-smooth optical elements is the primary of stray light in gravitational-wave detection systems, significantly impacting high-precision gravitational-wave detection. To address this, a non-paraxial scalar scattering model, Generalized Beckmann-Kirchhoff (GBK), is proposed to analyze and predict the surface scattering characteristics of ultra-smooth optical elements in gravitational-wave detection systems. The GBK model is developed based on the Modified Beckmann-Kirchhoff (MBK) scalar scattering model, incorporating the power spectral density (PSD) function extracted from the MBK scalar scattering model and utilizing the Rayleigh–Rice (RR) vector scattering model as a standard for fitting. Comparative analyses between the GBK scalar scattering model and the RR vector scattering model under different conditions (surface roughness, incidence angle and autocorrelation length) validate the accuracy of the GBK scalar scattering model. Furthermore, the relationships between polarization angle resolved scattering (ARS) and scattering angles of isotropic elements at different incident angles, as well as the variations of different polarization ARS with scattering azimuth angles, are investigated. On this basis, this work focuses on the scattering characteristics of ultra-smooth optical element surfaces with different statistical distribution characteristics, including Gaussian, fractal, and Cauchy-Lorenz distributions. The influences of different statistical distributions of element surface, along with parameters such as incidence angle, scattering azimuth angle, autocorrelation length, slope, cut-off frequency and surface roughness, on the ARS distribution are quantitatively analyzed. The findings reveal significant variations in the scattering of P-polarized light compared to S-polarized light. With different statistical distributions of element surface, the ARS distributions consistently peak at the specular reflection. As the incidence angle, scattering azimuth angle and slope increase, the peak value of the ARS distribution gradually decreases and the width of the ARS distribution broadens. Additionally, an increase in autocorrelation length, cut-off frequency, and surface roughness leads to a rise in the peak value and narrower width of the ARS distribution. In the context of space gravitational-wave detection systems, particular attention must be paid to both the peak value and the width of the ARS distribution. The results can provide valuable references for the manufacturing of ultra-smooth optical elements and the generation and suppression of stray light in gravitational-wave detection systems.