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Wei S C, Liu S Y, Lu H F, et al. Research on laser composite decontamination technology of radioactive contaminated metal parts in nuclear power plant[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2024, 51(5): 240056. doi: 10.12086/oee.2024.240056
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Research on laser composite decontamination technology of radioactive contaminated metal parts in nuclear power plant
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Abstract
In order to reduce the amount of waste metal produced by nuclear power plants, a new technology for clean control or reuse of radioactively contaminated metal components is been studied. In this study, laser composite decontamination technology was proposed for corroded 4140 steel, and compared with dry ice decontamination and laser decontamination alone. By testing the microstructure, composition distribution, metallographic structure, and three-dimensional morphology of the matrix sample, the variation trend of surface roughness and microhardness was analyzed to determine the composite decontamination effect. Finally, the engineering verification was realized in the nuclear power plant. The test and verification results show that the laser composite decontamination technology can completely remove the rust layer on the surface of 4140 steel and obtain the best decontamination effect. Furthermore, it does not affect the composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the matrix material. The average amount of sewage on the surface of the contaminated motor impeller after decontamination is less than 0.4 Bq/cm2, and the surface contact dose rate is less than 40 nSv/h, which meets the clearance level of solid waste in nuclear power plants. Thus, laser composite decontamination technology can provide a new method for decontamination of radioactively contaminated metal components in nuclear power plants and minimize waste.-
Keywords:
- laser composite decontamination /
- surface morphology /
- roughness /
- damage /
- clean decontrol
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References
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Overview
In order to reduce the pressure on nuclear power plants to store and dispose of radioactive solid waste, waste minimization has become the mainstream development concept. As a new decontamination technology in the field of nuclear energy, laser decontamination and dry ice decontamination solve the problems that some traditional decontamination methods are difficult to deal with. However, based on the diversity of radioactive solid waste types and pollutants in nuclear power plants, a single decontamination scheme is difficult to meet the demand. In this work, laser composite decontamination was carried out on the surface of corroded 4140 steel, and the decontamination effect of a single laser and dry ice was compared to explore its decontamination mechanism. By testing the microstructure, composition distribution, metallographic structure, and three-dimensional morphology of the matrix sample, the variation trend of surface roughness and microhardness was analyzed to determine the composite decontamination effect. Finally, the engineering verification was realized in the nuclear power plant. The main results show that: 1) Laser composite decontamination can completely remove the rust layer and oxide on the surface of 4140 steel and expose the metal surface of the matrix. Only a few point objects exist. The oxygen content is reduced from 32.5 wt% of the matrix to 1.7 wt%, and the decontamination effect is better than that of single dry ice decontamination and laser decontamination technology; 2) After laser composite decontamination, the surface roughness of the corroded substrate reached 4.49 μm, which was 59.4% lower than that of the substrate ( 11.06 μm ). The metallographic structure of the matrix cross-section did not change, and it was still tempered sorbite. The composition distribution and hardness value of the cross-section are similar to the standard value of the matrix before decontamination. It shows that the laser composite decontamination has no damaging effect on the substrate; 3) The laser composite decontamination technology parameters determined by the test were used to decontaminate the contaminated motor impeller of the nuclear power plant. After decontamination, the average contaminated sewage of each part of the motor impeller was less than 0.4 Bq/cm2, and the surface contact dose rate was less than 40 nSv/h, which reached the solid waste cleaning and control standard of the nuclear power plant. Laser composite decontamination technology can become a new technology to minimize waste in nuclear power plants and will be widely used in the future.
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Wei S C, Liu S Y, Lu H F, et al. Research on laser composite decontamination technology of radioactive contaminated metal parts in nuclear power plant[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2024, 51(5): 240056. doi: 10.12086/oee.2024.240056
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Figure 1.
Cleaning decontrol workstation
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Figure 2.
Corroded sample
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Figure 3.
Laser waveform
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Figure 4.
Macroscopic morphology of the sample after decontamination
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Figure 5.
Surface micro-morphology of the sample before and after decontamination. (a) Substrate; (b) Dry ice decontamination; (c) Laser decontamination; (d) Laser composite decontamination
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Figure 6.
Surface composition distribution of the sample before and after decontamination. (a) Substrate; (b) Dry ice decontamination; (c) Laser decontamination; (d) Laser composite decontamination
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Figure 7.
Cross-section metallographic structure of the sample before and after decontamination. (a) Substrate; (b) Dry ice decontamination; (c) Laser decontamination; (d) Laser composite decontamination
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Figure 8.
Cross-section composition distribution of the sample before and after decontamination. (a) Substrate; (b) Dry ice decontamination; (c) Laser decontamination; (d) Laser composite decontamination
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Figure 9.
3D surface morphology and contour curve of the sample before and after decontamination. (a) Substrate; (b) Dry ice decontamination; (c) Laser decontamination; (d) Laser composite decontamination
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Figure 10.
Surface roughness of the sample before and after decontamination
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Figure 11.
Hardness measurement point setting diagram
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Figure 12.
Microhardness of the near surface layer of sample
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Figure 13.
Hardness distribution in the depth direction of the sample
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Figure 14.
Schematic diagram of dry ice decontamination
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Figure 15.
Schematic diagram of laser decontamination
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Figure 16.
Schematic diagram of laser composite decontamination
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Figure 17.
Clean decontrol motor impeller
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