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Ye Y Q, Pi D P, Gu M, et al. Research progress and applications of vectorial holography[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2024, 51(8): 240082. doi: 10.12086/oee.2024.240082
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Research progress and applications of vectorial holography
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Abstract
Holography, which can record and reconstruct all the information of object light waves, has made remarkable progress since its invention. In recent years, the emergence of vectorial holography has brought new developments to this field. Vectorial holography not only inherits the ability to record the amplitude and phase of traditional scalar holography but also introduces the additional control of the polarization dimension, which can significantly improve the density of the recorded information and has been widely used in many fields. This paper discusses vectorial holography in depth from the perspective of polarization modulation. Firstly, the concepts of scalar holography and vectorial holography are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. Then, the two polarization modulation methods of vectorial holography are introduced in detail, including the polarization modulation of incident light and output light. Meanwhile, the applications of vectorial holography in the field of 3D display and encryption are described. Finally, the challenges faced by vectorial holography are summarized, and the future development of vectorial holography is expected.-
Keywords:
- holography /
- vectorial holography /
- polarization modulation
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References
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Overview
Holography can record and reconstruct the full information of object light waves based on the principle of interference and diffraction. Due to its outstanding ability, holography is widely used in the fields of display, imaging, communication, encryption, etc. However, scalar holography only records the amplitude and phase information and has certain limitations in polarization information. The emergence of vectorial holography provides the possibility of modulating polarization information. Different from scalar holography, vectorial holography technology can record not only amplitude and phase information but also polarization information, which improves the freedom of modulation and the density of the recorded. Hence, vectorial holography holds promising applications in high-definition display, high-quality imaging, high-security encryption and high-speed communication. According to the development history of holography technology, this paper introduces the principles of scalar holography, and vectorial holography and highlights the advantages of vectorial holography in the aspect of polarization modulation. At the same time, the principles and designs of two different polarization control methods of vectorial holography are described, including the polarization control of incident light and output light, which provide important guidance and theoretical support for researchers. For the polarization control of reconstructed light waves, a 2×2 Jones matrix is widely used to express the relationship between the polarization state of the incident light wave and the outgoing light wave. In practice, the parameters of the hologram are deliberately designed to match the unique relationships between the polarization state of the incident light wave and the outgoing light wave for different reconstructed images. In this way, different reconstructed images can be switched by selecting the desired polarization with negligible polarization crosstalk. For the polarization control of output light, the incident light wave is decomposed into a couple of orthogonal polarized light, such as left circular polarization and right circular polarization, x-polarized light and y-polarized light, etc. By intentionally controlling the phase and amplitude of the two orthogonal polarized lights, an arbitrary state of polarization that covers the entire Poincare sphere can be generated. In addition, the advantages of vectorial holography in the field of display and encryption are demonstrated. Compared with scalar holography, vectorial holography has the advantages of being able to improve the quality of holographic images, better flexibility, and applicability, and solves some of the problems that scalar holography is currently facing. Finally, the problems and possible solutions in the development of vectorial holography technology and the future development trend are also discussed.
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Ye Y Q, Pi D P, Gu M, et al. Research progress and applications of vectorial holography[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2024, 51(8): 240082. doi: 10.12086/oee.2024.240082
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Figure 1.
Principle of holographic technology. (a) Wavefront recording; (b) Wavefront reconstruction
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Figure 2.
Schematic diagram of the Poincare ball
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Figure 3.
Scalar holography and vectorial holography. (a) Scalar holography; (b) Vectorial holography - modulation of the polarization state of the incident light; (c) Vectorial holography - modulation of the polarization state of the output light
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Figure 4.
Vectorial holography for modulation of the polarization state of incident light. (a) Multi-channel vectorial holography based on birefringent fully dielectric hypersurfaces[79]; (b) Full-color vectorial holography based on non-interlaced TiO2 hypersurfaces[81]
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Figure 5.
Vectorial holography for polarization state modulation of incident light. (a) Vectorial holography based on a 6-degree-of-freedom Jones matrix hypersurface[82]; (b) Vectorial holography based on a dynamically phased and geometrically phased dielectric hypersurface[83]; (c) Vectorial holography of a bilayer superstructure surface structure combined with a gradient descent algorithm[84]
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Figure 6.
Vectorial holography for the modulation of the polarization state of an output light. (a) Vectorial holography based on a diatomic plasma structural unit[86]; (b) Vectorial holography based on a dielectric-super surface polarization generator[87]; (c) Vectorial holography based on control of polarization transfer function[88]; (d) Vectorial holography based on a pixelated hypersurface with GaN nanopillars[89]
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Figure 7.
Vectorial holography for polarization state modulation of output light. (a) Vectorial holography based on orthogonal circular polarization superposition[90]; (b) Vectorial holography based on a reflective plasma hypersurface[91]; (c) Vectorial holography based on a vector Fourier hypersurface[92]
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Figure 8.
Vectorial holography for polarization state modulation of output light. (a) Vectorial holography based on interleaved hypersurfaces[93]; (b) Nonlinear vectorial holography[94]
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Figure 9.
Color vectorial holography. (a) Vectorial holography based on novel spin-wavelength encoding hypersurface[95]; (b) Vectorial holography based on the improved Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm[96]; (c) Full-color complex amplitude vectorial holography based on diatomic plasma cell structures[44]
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Figure 10.
Vectorial holography for polarization state modulation of output light. (a) Vectorial holography based on a novel spin-wavelength-encoded multi-tasking hypersurface[97]; (b) Full-color vectorial holography with fully polarized channels[98]; (c) Vectorial holography based on orthogonal circularly polarized light[99]; (d) Vectorial holography based on pixelated liquid crystal superstructures[100]
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Figure 11.
Three-dimensional vectorial holography. Vectorial holography for machine learning inverse design based on multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks[101]
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