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Chu CY, Liu ZT, Chen ML, Shao XH, Situ GH et al. Wide-spectrum optical synthetic aperture imaging via spatial intensity interferometry. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 230017 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.230017
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Wide-spectrum optical synthetic aperture imaging via spatial intensity interferometry
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Abstract
High resolution imaging is achieved using increasingly larger apertures and successively shorter wavelengths. Optical aperture synthesis is an important high-resolution imaging technology used in astronomy. Conventional long baseline amplitude interferometry is susceptible to uncontrollable phase fluctuations, and the technical difficulty increases rapidly as the wavelength decreases. The intensity interferometry inspired by HBT experiment is essentially insensitive to phase fluctuations, but suffers from a narrow spectral bandwidth which results in a lack of effective photons. In this study, we propose optical synthetic aperture imaging based on spatial intensity interferometry. This not only realizes diffraction-limited optical aperture synthesis in a single shot, but also enables imaging with a wide spectral bandwidth, which greatly improves the optical energy efficiency of intensity interferometry. And this method is insensitive to the optical path difference between the sub-apertures. Simulations and experiments present optical aperture synthesis diffraction-limited imaging through spatial intensity interferometry in a 100 nm spectral width of visible light, whose maximum optical path difference between the sub-apertures reaches 69λ. This technique is expected to provide a solution for optical aperture synthesis over kilometer-long baselines at optical wavelengths. -
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References
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Supplementary information for Wide-spectrum optical synthetic aperture imaging via spatial intensity interferometry 
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Chu CY, Liu ZT, Chen ML, Shao XH, Situ GH et al. Wide-spectrum optical synthetic aperture imaging via spatial intensity interferometry. Opto-Electron Adv 6, 230017 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oea.2023.230017
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Figure 1.
Schematic of wide-spectrum optical synthetic aperture imaging via spatial intensity interferometry.
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Figure 2.
(a) Traditional optical synthetic aperture system. (b) Schematic of wide-spectrum optical synthetic aperture imaging via spatial intensity interferometry.
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Figure 3.
(a) Schematic diagram of the simulation structure. (b) Structure of sub-aperture SRPMs array. (c) Optical path structure of the experiment.
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Figure 4.
Simulation and experimental results. The spectral widths of the filters were 532 ± 0.5 nm. (a1–c1) Targets. (2–4) Simulation results. (5–7) Experimental results. In the experiment, the exposure times of CCD were 1.2 s, 0.75 s, 0.5 s, and the gains of CCD were 30 dB, 30 dB, 28 dB, respectively. (2, 5) Spatial intensity autocorrelation of CCD. (3, 6) Reconstruction of target image using phase retrieval algorithms. (4, 7) One-dimensional normalized date of double slits reconstruction image. The blue lines indicate half of the maximum value.
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Figure 5.
Simulation and experimental results of wide-spectrum optical synthetic aperture imaging via spatial intensity interferometry. (a–e) The spectral ranges of the filters were 532 ±5 nm, ±10 nm, ±15 nm, ±25 nm, ±50 nm, respectively. (1–3) Simulation results. (4–6) Experimental results. The sampling exposure times of CCD were 250 ms, and the gains of CCD were 9 dB, 16 dB, 23 dB, 25 dB, 30 dB, respectively. (1, 4) The detected image by CCD. (2, 5) Reconstruction of target image using phase retrieval algorithms. (3, 6) One-dimensional normalized date of double slits reconstruction image. The blue lines indicate half of the maximum value.
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Figure 6.
Experimental results of different sub-aperture SRPMS arrays. (a) Different sparse array structures. (b) Spatial intensity autocorrelation of different sparse array structures. (c1–c4) Reconstruction of ′s′ image using phase retrieval algorithms by different sparse array structures. (d1–d4) Reconstruction of double-slit image using phase retrieval algorithms by different sparse array structures. (5) Target letter ′s′ and double-slit, whose sizes were 2.0 mm and 0.98 mm, respectively.
