Citation: | Li A, Wu YF, Wang C et al. An inversely designed integrated spectrometer with reconfigurable performance and ultra-low power consumption. Opto-Electron Adv 7, 240099 (2024). doi: 10.29026/oea.2024.240099 |
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A few examples of different types of integrated spectrometers. (a) Passive spectrometer utilizing an array of stratified waveguide filters with distinct spectral responses. (b) Scanning spectrometer based on tunable narrowband filter, e.g. microring resonator. (c, d) Fourier transform spectrometer with continuous optical path delay enabled by thermo-optic effect (c) and switch-array to reconfigure the physical channels (d).
(a) Structure of our proposed programmable circuit. (b) Simulated spectral responses for the inversely designed structure with 0 and π phase changes applied to the 11 phase shifters, respectively. (c) Auto-correlation and cross-correlations of the spectral responses of the inversely designed circuit. (d) Simulated spectral responses for the randomly designed structure with 0 and π phase changes applied to the 11 phase shifters, respectively. (e) Auto-correlation and cross-correlations of the spectral responses of the randomly designed circuit.
(a−d) Simulations when actuating 11 phase shifters simultaneously. (a) Simulated spectral responses under 100 different configurations of 11 phase shifters. (b) Phase changes of the 11 phase shifters. (c) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (d) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses. (e−h) Simulations when actuating single phase shifter at a time. (e) Simulated spectral responses under 100 different configurations of all 11 phase shifters. (f) Phase changes of the 11 phase shifters. (g) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (h) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses.
(a) Images of the fabricated chip. (b–e) Experimental results when actuating 11 phase shifters simultaneously. (b) Spectral responses under 400 different configurations of 11 phase shifters. (c) Power consumptions of the 11 phase shifters. (d) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (e) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses.
Experimental results when actuating 1 phase shifters at a time. (a) Spectral responses under 132 different configurations of all 11 phase shifters. (b) Power consumptions of the 11 phase shifters. (c) Exemplar auto-correlations of those spectral responses. (d) Exemplar cross-correlations between several spectral responses.
Reconstructions of various narrow peaks when the spectrometer working at mode 1 (a) and mode 2 (b), with a resolution of 6 pm and 150 pm, respectively. Reconstructions of two closely standing narrow peaks when the spectrometer working at mode 1 (c) and mode 2 (d), with a minimum distance of 15 pm and 300 pm, respectively. Reconstructions of broad spectrum when the spectrometer working at mode 1 (e) and mode 2 (f). Reconstructions of a complex dense spectrum when the spectrometer working at mode 1 (g) and mode 2 (h).